Abstract
Changes in antioxidant metabolism because of the effect of salinity stress (0, 80, 160 or 240 mM NaCl) on protective enzyme activities under ambient (350 micromol mol(-1)) and elevated (700 micromol mol(-1)) CO(2) concentrations were investigated in two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L., cvs Alpha and Iranis). Electrolyte leakage, peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), EC 1.15.1.1; ascorbate peroxidase (APX), EC 1.11.1.11; catalase (CAT), EC 1.11.1.6; dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), EC 1.8.5.1; monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), EC 1.6.5.4; glutathione reductase (GR), EC 1.6.4.2] and their isoenzymatic profiles were determined. Under salinity and ambient CO(2), upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, APX, CAT, DHAR and GR occurred. However, this upregulation was not enough to counteract all ROS formation as both ion leakage and lipid peroxidation came into play. The higher constitutive SOD and CAT activities together with a higher contribution of Cu,Zn-SOD 1 detected in Iranis might possibly contribute and make this cultivar more salt-tolerant than Alpha. Elevated CO(2) alone had no effect on the constitutive levels of antioxidant enzymes in Iranis, whereas in Alpha it induced an increase in SOD, CAT and MDHAR together with a decrease of DHAR and GR. Under combined conditions of elevated CO(2) and salinity the oxidative damage recorded was lower, above all in Alpha, together with a lower upregulation of the antioxidant system. So it can be concluded that elevated CO(2) mitigates the oxidative stress caused by salinity, involving lower ROS generation and a better maintenance of redox homeostasis as a consequence of higher assimilation rates and lower photorespiration, being the response dependent on the cultivar analysed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity under ambient CO2 upregulated SOD, APX, CAT, DHAR and GR.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- salinity and ambient CO(2)e0
- Gene
- SOD, APX, CAT, DHAR and GRe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity and ambient CO(2), upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, APX, CAT, DHAR and GR occurred.”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity produced ion leakage and lipid peroxidation despite antioxidant upregulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ion leakage and lipid peroxidatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both ion leakage and lipid peroxidation came into play.”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Iranis had higher constitutive SOD and CAT activities and Cu,Zn-SOD 1 contribution than Alpha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Iranise0
- Gene
- SOD and CATe0
- Outcome
- constitutive SOD and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Alphae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher constitutive SOD and CAT activities together with a higher contribution of Cu,Zn-SOD 1 detected in Iranis might possibly contribute and make this cultivar more salt-tolerant than Alpha.”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 alone did not change constitutive antioxidant enzyme levels in Iranis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Iranise0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- constitutive levels of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO(2) alone had no effect on the constitutive levels of antioxidant enzymes in Iranis”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased SOD, CAT and MDHAR in Alpha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alphae0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT and MDHARe0
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT and MDHARe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Alpha it induced an increase in SOD, CAT and MDHAR”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased DHAR and GR in Alpha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- DHAR and GRe0
- Outcome
- DHAR and GRe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“together with a decrease of DHAR and GR.”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and salinity produced less oxidative damage, particularly in Alpha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alphae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) and salinitye0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under combined conditions of elevated CO(2) and salinity the oxidative damage recorded was lower, above all in Alpha”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and salinity lowered antioxidant system upregulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- upregulation of the antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“together with a lower upregulation of the antioxidant system.”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude elevated CO2 mitigates salinity oxidative stress through lower ROS generation and better redox homeostasis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress caused by salinitye0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
- Qualifier
- lower ROS generation and a better maintenance of redox homeostasise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO(2) mitigates the oxidative stress caused by salinity, involving lower ROS generation and a better maintenance of redox homeostasis as a consequence of higher assimilation rates and lower photorespiration”
t0“The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
17 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →co2 · physiology: oxidative · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.