Abstract
Growth and physiological activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Gustoe) grown in soil cultures were evaluated to recognize the ameliorative role of salicylic acid (SA) and KNO3 against the negative effects of salt and water deficit stresses. Barley plants were subjected to three levels of NaCl (50, 100 and 150 mM), three levels of water stress (80%, 70% and 50% of the soil water content (SWC) and the combination of 150 mM NaCl + 50 μM SA, 150 mM NaCl + 10 mM KNO3, 50% SWC + 50 μM SA and 50% SWC + 10 mM KNO3 for two weeks. Salt and water deficit stresses reduced the shoot growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, K+ contents and provoked oxidative stress in leaves confirmed by considerable changes in soluble carbohydrate, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and Na+ contents. Leaf soluble protein of salt and water deficit treated plants was unaffected. The Na+/K+ ratio increased with increasing salt and water deficit treated plants. Application of 50 μM SA or 10 mM KNO3 to150 mM NaCl and/or 50% SWC treated plants improved these attributes under salt and water stresses. Soluble carbohydrates in stressed plants may have a significant role in osmotic adjustment. It can be concluded that the addition of SA or KNO3 can ameliorate the oxidative stress in barley stressed plants. This ameliorative effect might be maintained through low MDA contents and decreased Na+/K+ ratio in leaves. This study also provided evidence for the ability of barley cultivation in salt and water deficit soils due to its capacity for osmotic adjustment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and water deficit reduced barley shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments and potassium content.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Salt and water deficit stressese0
- Outcome
- shoot growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, K+ contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salt and water deficit stresses reduced the shoot growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, K+ contents”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and water deficit provoked oxidative stress and changed several leaf biochemical measures.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Salt and water deficit stressese1
- Outcome
- oxidative stress in leavese0
- Direction
- provokede0
- Qualifier
- considerable changes in soluble carbohydrate, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and Na+ contentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“provoked oxidative stress in leaves confirmed by considerable changes in soluble carbohydrate, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and Na+ contents”
t0“barley”
e1“Salt and water deficit stresses reduced the shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf soluble protein was unaffected by salt and water deficit.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- salt and water deficite0
- Outcome
- Leaf soluble proteine0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf soluble protein of salt and water deficit treated plants was unaffected”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The sodium-to-potassium ratio increased with salt and water deficit.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- salt and water deficite0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Na+/K+ ratio increased with increasing salt and water deficit treated plants”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved stress-affected barley attributes under salt and water stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 50 μM SAe0
- Outcome
- these attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 150 mM NaCl and/or 50% SWC treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 50 μM SA or 10 mM KNO3 to150 mM NaCl and/or 50% SWC treated plants improved these attributes under salt and water stresses”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate improved stress-affected barley attributes under salt and water stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- these attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 150 mM NaCl and/or 50% SWC treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 50 μM SA or 10 mM KNO3 to150 mM NaCl and/or 50% SWC treated plants improved these attributes under salt and water stresses”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble carbohydrates may contribute to osmotic adjustment in stressed barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- Soluble carbohydratese0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble carbohydrates in stressed plants may have a significant role in osmotic adjustment”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Low MDA and decreased sodium-to-potassium ratio may maintain the stress-ameliorating effect.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- MDAe0
- Outcome
- ameliorative effecte0
- Qualifier
- decreased Na+/K+ ratio in leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This ameliorative effect might be maintained through low MDA contents and decreased Na+/K+ ratio in leaves”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude barley can be cultivated in saline and water-deficit soils because of osmotic adjustment.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- barley cultivation in salt and water deficit soilse0
- Qualifier
- capacity for osmotic adjustmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ability of barley cultivation in salt and water deficit soils due to its capacity for osmotic adjustment”
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