Abstract
= 14) leaves and roots under salt stress. Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl) markedly reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), growth parameters, and leaf water potential (LWP), but increased proline levels in both vegetative organs. Exogenous SA treatment did not significantly affect salt-induced negative effects on RWC, LWP, and growth parameters but increased the leaf proline content of plants under 150 mM salt stress by 23.1%, suggesting that SA enhances the accumulation of proline, which acts as a compatible solute that helps preserve the leaf's water status under salt stress. Changes in endogenous phytohormone levels were also investigated to identify agents that may be involved in responses to increased salinity and exogenous SA. Salt stress strongly affected endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels in both vegetative organs, increasing the concentrations of CK free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, auxin) levels were largely unaffected by salinity alone, especially in barley leaves, but SA strongly increased IAA levels in leaves at high salt concentration and suppressed salinity-induced reductions in IAA levels in roots. Salt stress also significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levels; the magnitude of this increase was reduced by treatment with exogenous SA. Both salinity and SA treatment reduced jasmonic acid (JA) levels at 300 mM NaCl but had little effect at 150 mM NaCl, especially in leaves. These results indicate that under high salinity, SA has antagonistic effects on levels of ABA, JA, ethylene, and most CKs, as well as basic morphological and physiological parameters, but has a synergistic effect on IAA, which was well exhibited by principal component analysis (PCA).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf water status and growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC), growth parameters, and leaf water potential (LWP)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl) markedly reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), growth parameters, and leaf water potential (LWP)”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased proline in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased proline levels in both vegetative organs”
e1“Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl)”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid did not significantly alter salt-induced reductions in water status and growth.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- RWC, LWP, and growth parameterse0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous SA treatment did not significantly affect salt-induced negative effects on RWC, LWP, and growth parameters”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased leaf proline by 23.1% under 150 mM salt stress.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SA treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.1%e0
- Qualifier
- under 150 mM salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the leaf proline content of plants under 150 mM salt stress by 23.1%”
e1“Exogenous SA treatment”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased cytokinin free bases, ribosides and nucleotides in both vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- CK free bases, ribosides, and nucleotidese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress strongly affected endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels in both vegetative organs, increasing the concentrations of CK free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides.”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity alone largely left IAA levels unaffected, especially in leaves.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- salinity alonee0
- Outcome
- Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, auxin) levelse0
- Direction
- largely unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, auxin) levels were largely unaffected by salinity alone, especially in barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased leaf IAA at high salinity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- IAA levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- high salt concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA strongly increased IAA levels in leaves at high salt concentration”
e1“barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid suppressed salinity-induced reductions in root IAA.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- IAA levels in rootse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed salinity-induced reductions in IAA levels in roots”
e1“SA strongly increased IAA levels”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased ABA and ethylene levels.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress also significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levels”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylic acid reduced the salt-induced increases in ABA and ethylene.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levelse1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of this increase was reduced by treatment with exogenous SA”
e1“abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levels”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and salicylic acid reduced JA at 300 mM NaCl but had little effect at 150 mM.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Both salinity and SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA) levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at 300 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both salinity and SA treatment reduced jasmonic acid (JA) levels at 300 mM NaCl but had little effect at 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.