Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental constraint, causing a significant reduction in crop productivity across the world. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant growth regulator that helps plants cope with the adverse effects induced by various abiotic stresses. The current study investigated the potential effects of SA on drought tolerance efficacy in two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes, namely BARI barley 5 and BARI barley 7. Ten-day-old barley seedlings were exposed to drought stress by maintaining 7.5% soil moisture content in the absence or presence of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM SA. Drought exposure led to severe damage to both genotypes, as indicated by phenotypic aberrations and reduction of dry biomass. On the other hand, the application of SA to drought-stressed plants protected both barley genotypes from the adverse effects of drought, which was reflected in the improvement of phenotypes and biomass production. SA supplementation improved relative water content and proline levels in drought-stressed barley genotypes, indicating the osmotic adjustment functions of SA under water-deficit conditions. Drought stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2 •− ), and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves of barley plants. Exogenous supply of SA reduced oxidative damage by restricting the accumulation of ROS through the stimulation of the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Among the three-applied concentrations of SA, 0.5 mM SA exhibited better mitigating effects against drought stress considering the phenotypic performance and biochemical data. Furthermore, BARI barley 5 showed better performance under drought stress than BARI barley 7 in the presence of SA application. Collectively, our results suggest that SA played a crucial role in improving water status and antioxidant defense strategy to protect barley plants from the deleterious effects of water deficiency.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused phenotypic aberrations in both barley genotypes.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Drought exposuree0
- Outcome
- phenotypic aberrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drought exposure led to severe damage to both genotypes, as indicated by phenotypic aberrations and reduction of dry biomass.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced dry biomass in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Drought exposuree0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought exposure led to severe damage to both genotypes, as indicated by phenotypic aberrations and reduction of dry biomass.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved phenotype under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- application of SAe0
- Outcome
- phenotypese0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of SA to drought-stressed plants protected both barley genotypes from the adverse effects of drought, which was reflected in the improvement of phenotypes and biomass production.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved biomass production under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- application of SAe0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of SA to drought-stressed plants protected both barley genotypes from the adverse effects of drought, which was reflected in the improvement of phenotypes and biomass production.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved relative water content and proline levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- SA supplementatione0
- Outcome
- relative water content and proline levelse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA supplementation improved relative water content and proline levels in drought-stressed barley genotypes”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought induced leaf hydrogen peroxide and superoxide accumulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2 •− )e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2 •− ), and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves of barley plants.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought induced leaf malondialdehyde accumulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2 •− ), and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves of barley plants.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid restricted ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Exogenous supply of SAe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ROSe0
- Direction
- restrictinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous supply of SA reduced oxidative damage by restricting the accumulation of ROS through the stimulation of the activities of key antioxidant enzymes”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Exogenous supply of SAe0
- Outcome
- activities of key antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous supply of SA reduced oxidative damage by restricting the accumulation of ROS through the stimulation of the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 mM SA dose best mitigated drought stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- mitigating effects against drought stresse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- three-applied concentrations of SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the three-applied concentrations of SA, 0.5 mM SA exhibited better mitigating effects against drought stress considering the phenotypic performance and biochemical data.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
BARI barley 5 performed better under drought with SA than BARI barley 7.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- BARI barley 5e0
- Outcome
- performance under drought stresse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- BARI barley 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BARI barley 5 showed better performance under drought stress than BARI barley 7 in the presence of SA application.”
e1“two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
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