Abstract
The accumulation of proline, an important osmoprotective and antioxidant compound, is a key defense mechanism induced in plants in response to stress factors, including salinity, and is likely dependent on abscisic acid (ABA). However, in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content. Co-application of 0.5 mM molybdenum (Mo) significantly reduced NaCl-induced oxidative stress, as measured by H2O2, O2−, MDA, and chlorophyll content, and increased the activity of Mo-containing aldehyde oxidase (AO), an enzyme involved in de novo ABA synthesis. As a result, elevated ABA levels were observed, but proline content under salinity conditions was similar in Mo-treated and non-Mo-treated plants. In contrast, exposing plants to 0.5 mM tungsten (W), an antagonist of Mo, inhibited AO activity without significantly altering ABA content, while proline and oxidative stress marker levels increased dramatically under both non-saline and saline conditions. The observed changes in proline content are mainly due to modulation of the rate of synthesis and, to a lesser extent, the rate of degradation, as revealed by transcript abundance of P5CS1 and PDH, which encode D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and proline dehydrogenase, respectively. The results indicate that in barley grown under salinity conditions, proline accumulation is ABA-independent but depends on the level of oxidative stress modulated by Mo and W ions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Barley accumulated proline under salinity of 125 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione1
- Direction
- accumulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation in barley under salinity was not accompanied by a change in ABA content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- ABA contente1
- Direction
- not accompanied by changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum reduced salinity-induced oxidative stress markers in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM molybdenum (Mo)e2
- Outcome
- H2O2, O2−, MDA, and chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e2“Co-application of 0.5 mM molybdenum (Mo) significantly reduced”
e3“as measured by H2O2, O2−, MDA, and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum increased the activity of aldehyde oxidase in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM molybdenum (Mo)e2
- Gene
- aldehyde oxidase (AO)e4
- Outcome
- activity of Mo-containing aldehyde oxidase (AO)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e2“Co-application of 0.5 mM molybdenum (Mo) significantly reduced”
e4“increased the activity of Mo-containing aldehyde oxidase (AO), an enzyme involved in de novo ABA synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum treatment under salinity elevated ABA levels in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mo-treatede5
- Outcome
- ABA levelse5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e5“elevated ABA levels were observed, but proline content under salinity conditions was similar in Mo-treated and non-Mo-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, proline content in barley was similar with and without molybdenum.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mo-treatede5
- Outcome
- proline contente5
- Direction
- similare5
- Comparator
- non-Mo-treatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e5“elevated ABA levels were observed, but proline content under salinity conditions was similar in Mo-treated and non-Mo-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungsten, an antagonist of molybdenum, inhibited aldehyde oxidase activity in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM tungsten (W)e6
- Outcome
- AO activitye6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e6“exposing plants to 0.5 mM tungsten (W), an antagonist of Mo, inhibited AO activity without significantly altering ABA content, while proline and oxidative stress marker levels increased dramatically under both non-saline and saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungsten did not significantly alter ABA content in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM tungsten (W)e6
- Outcome
- ABA contente6
- Direction
- without significantly alteringe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e6“exposing plants to 0.5 mM tungsten (W), an antagonist of Mo, inhibited AO activity without significantly altering ABA content, while proline and oxidative stress marker levels increased dramatically under both non-saline and saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungsten increased proline and oxidative stress marker levels in barley under both non-saline and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM tungsten (W)e6
- Outcome
- proline and oxidative stress marker levelse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- dramatically under both non-saline and saline conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e6“exposing plants to 0.5 mM tungsten (W), an antagonist of Mo, inhibited AO activity without significantly altering ABA content, while proline and oxidative stress marker levels increased dramatically under both non-saline and saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in barley proline content are mainly due to modulation of its synthesis rate, as shown by P5CS1 transcript abundance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- P5CS1e7
- Outcome
- proline contente7
- Qualifier
- modulation of the rate of synthesise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in barley grown for 8 days under salinity conditions (125 mM NaCl), proline accumulation was not accompanied by changes in ABA content”
e7“The observed changes in proline content are mainly due to modulation of the rate of synthesis and, to a lesser extent, the rate of degradation, as revealed by transcript abundance of P5CS1 and PDH”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.