Abstract
Abstract Isolation from infected Tomato’s plants has demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera halodes (Dh) the causal agent of leaf spot, crown and root rot disease, samples were collected from three provinces in the middle and south of Iraq, Dh was predominant while appeared in 83.33% of the samples with frequency of 50.25%. Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants, the isolate Kkd-6 showed highly pathogenicity effect. Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12), B. subtilis (Kb-9), Enterococcus columbae (Bb-8) and Pseudomonas putida (Kb-18), were exhibited 100% antagonism efficiency against the pathogen on the potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in vitro . Under greenhouse conditions all the biocontrol agents were reduced significantly the percentage of disease incidence to 5-10% and severity of shoot and root system to 5.00-8.33%, 2.14-7.14% respectively compared to fungal treatments control which exhibited 100% disease incidence and severity of shoot and root system of 90.00%, 93.57% respectively. All the biocontrol agents promoted plant growth. This is first report of Drechslera leaf spot, crown and root rot disease of tomato in Iraq.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drechslera halodes was isolated from infected tomato plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- Drechslera halodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- presencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolation from infected Tomato’s plants has demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera halodes (Dh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dh occurred with a frequency of 50.25% in the sampled tomato plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Dhe1pathogen
- Outcome
- frequencye1
- Value
- 50.25%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolation from infected Tomato’s plants has demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera halodes (Dh)”
e1“Dh was predominant while appeared in 83.33% of the samples with frequency of 50.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Dh was predominant, appearing in 83.33% of the sampled tomato plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Dhe1pathogen
- Outcome
- predominante1
- Value
- 83.33%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolation from infected Tomato’s plants has demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera halodes (Dh)”
e1“Dh was predominant while appeared in 83.33% of the samples with frequency of 50.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
All Dh isolates were pathogenic to tomato plants in the greenhouse pathogenicity test.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- Dhe2pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate Kkd-6 showed a highly pathogenic effect on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- Kkd-6e3
- Interactor
- Dhe2pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicity effecte3
- Qualifier
- highlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants”
e3“the isolate Kkd-6 showed highly pathogenicity effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Four rhizosphere bacteria showed 100% antagonism against Dh on PDA in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteriae4
- Interactor
- pathogene5pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12)
Bacillus subtilise4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonism efficiencye5
- Value
- 100%e5
- Setting
- in vitroe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12)”
e5“were exhibited 100% antagonism efficiency against the pathogen on the potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents significantly reduced tomato disease incidence to 5-10% under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- biocontrol agentse6
- Interactor
- Dhe2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 5-10%e6
- Comparator
- fungal treatments controle7
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12)”
e6“Under greenhouse conditions all the biocontrol agents were reduced significantly the percentage of disease incidence to 5-10%”
e7“compared to fungal treatments control”
e2“Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents significantly reduced shoot severity to 5.00-8.33% in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- biocontrol agentse6
- Interactor
- Dhe2pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of shoote3
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 5.00-8.33%e3
- Comparator
- fungal treatments controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12)”
e6“Under greenhouse conditions all the biocontrol agents were reduced significantly the percentage of disease incidence to 5-10%”
e7“compared to fungal treatments control”
e3“severity of shoot and root system to 5.00-8.33%”
e2“Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents significantly reduced root system severity to 2.14-7.14% in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- biocontrol agentse6
- Interactor
- Dhe2pathogen
- Outcome
- root systeme3
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 2.14-7.14%e3
- Comparator
- fungal treatments controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12)”
e6“Under greenhouse conditions all the biocontrol agents were reduced significantly the percentage of disease incidence to 5-10%”
e7“compared to fungal treatments control”
e3“severity of shoot and root system to 5.00-8.33%, 2.14-7.14%”
e2“Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
All biocontrol agents promoted tomato plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biocontrol agentse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“crown and root rot disease of tomato”
e1“All the biocontrol agents promoted plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first report of Drechslera leaf spot, crown and root rot disease of tomato in Iraq.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Drechslera
Drechslerae0pathogen - Outcome
- first reporte0
- Setting
- Iraqe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is first report of Drechslera leaf spot, crown and root rot disease of tomato in Iraq”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.