Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diverse plant pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to alter host processes. Oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of putative RxLR effectors which are likely to play a role in manipulating plant defense responses. The secretome of Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew of grapevine) contains at least 162 candidate RxLR effectors discovered in our recent studies, but their roles in infection and pathogenicity remain to be determined. Here, we characterize in depth one of the putative RxLR effectors, PvRxLR16, which has been reported to induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana in our previous study. RESULTS: The nuclear localization, W/Y/L motifs, and a putative N-glycosylation site in C-terminal of PvRxLR16 were essential for cell death-inducing activity. Suppressor of G-two allele of Skp1 (SGT1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1), but not somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3), were required for the cell death response triggered by PvRxLR16 in N. benthamiana. Some mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors were also involved in the perception of PvRxLR16 by N. benthamiana. PvRxLR16 could also significantly enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici and the nuclear localization was required for this ability. However, some other PvRxLR effectors could suppress defense responses and disease resistance induced by PvRxLR16, suggesting that it may not trigger host cell death or immune responses during physiological infection under natural conditions. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that PvRxLR16 may be recognized by endogenous proteins in nucleus to trigger immune responses in N. benthamiana, which in turn can be suppressed by other PvRxLR effectors.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PvRxLR16 nuclear localization, W/Y/L motifs and glycosylation site were essential to its cell death activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Gene
- PvRxLR16e0
- Outcome
- cell death-inducing activitye0
- Qualifier
- nuclear localization, W/Y/L motifs, and a putative N-glycosylation sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nuclear localization, W/Y/L motifs, and a putative N-glycosylation site in C-terminal of PvRxLR16 were essential for cell death-inducing activity.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SGT1, HSP90 and RAR1 were required for the PvRxLR16 cell death response.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- SGT1e0
- Outcome
- cell death responsee0
- Qualifier
- HSP90) and required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppressor of G-two allele of Skp1 (SGT1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1), but not somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3), were required for the cell death response triggered by PvRxLR16 in N. benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
SERK3 was not required for the PvRxLR16 cell death response.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- SERK3e0
- Outcome
- cell death responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3), were required for the cell death response triggered by PvRxLR16 in N. benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitogen activated kinases and transcription factors were involved in PvRxLR16 perception.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factorse0
- Outcome
- perception of PvRxLR16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors were also involved in the perception of PvRxLR16 by N. benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRxLR16 significantly enhanced resistance to Phytophthora capsici.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PvRxLR16e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Outcome
- plant resistance to Phytophthora capsicie0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“PvRxLR16 could also significantly enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici and the nuclear localization was required for this ability.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRxLR16 nuclear localization was required for enhanced resistance to P. capsici.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Gene
- PvRxLR16e0
- Outcome
- plant resistance to Phytophthora capsicie0
- Qualifier
- nuclear localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvRxLR16 could also significantly enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici and the nuclear localization was required for this ability.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Other PvRxLR effectors suppressed PvRxLR16 induced defense and disease resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- other PvRxLR effectorse0
- Outcome
- defense responses and disease resistancee0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Comparator
- PvRxLR16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some other PvRxLR effectors could suppress defense responses and disease resistance induced by PvRxLR16”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.