Abstract
ABSTRACT Toxic level of cadmium (Cd) has been built up in soil profile due to over fertilization, industrial activities and irrigation with city wastewater. One of the remediation strategies of such contaminated soil is phytoextraction by using hyper-accumulator plants. Metal stress hinders plant growth in contaminated soils even hyper-accumulator plant cannot attain sufficient biomass for effective phytoremediation. Plant growth promoting bacteria and auxin help plants to cope with metal stress. A pot experiment was conducted where the efficacy of four different Cd tolerant bacterial isolates alone and in combination with auxin (10 -3 M) was evaluated to promote spinach growth in Cd contaminated soil. Results revealed that Cd contamination severely decreased the spinach growth. However, bacterial inoculation and auxin application improved the spinach growth and Cd uptake compared to control. But combined application of bacterial isolates and auxin was more pronounced for enhancing fresh and dry mass, and phytoextraction of Cd. Bacterial inoculation along with auxin increased the fresh and dry weight up to 261 and 45%, respectively, over control. Moreover, combined use of bacteria and auxin also enhanced the uptake of Cd by spinach up to 5.36 folds compared to control. Thus, synergistic use of bacteria and auxin could be a novel approach for improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination severely decreased spinach growth.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- spinach growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd contamination severely decreased the spinach growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation improved spinach growth relative to control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- spinach growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation and auxin application improved the spinach growth and Cd uptake compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin application improved spinach growth relative to control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- auxin applicatione0
- Outcome
- spinach growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation and auxin application improved the spinach growth and Cd uptake compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation improved cadmium uptake by spinach relative to control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation and auxin application improved the spinach growth and Cd uptake compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin application improved cadmium uptake by spinach relative to control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- auxin applicatione0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation and auxin application improved the spinach growth and Cd uptake compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial isolates and auxin enhanced fresh mass more than either treatment alone.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined application of bacterial isolates and auxin was more pronounced for enhancing fresh and dry mass, and phytoextraction of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial isolates and auxin enhanced dry mass more than either treatment alone.
- Treatment
- combined application of bacterial isolates and auxine0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined application of bacterial isolates and auxin was more pronounced for enhancing fresh and dry mass, and phytoextraction of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial isolates and auxin enhanced cadmium phytoextraction more than either treatment alone.
- Treatment
- combined application of bacterial isolates and auxine0
- Outcome
- phytoextraction of Cde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined application of bacterial isolates and auxin was more pronounced for enhancing fresh and dry mass, and phytoextraction of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation with auxin increased spinach fresh weight by up to 261% over control.
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculation along with auxine0
- Outcome
- freshe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 261e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial inoculation along with auxin increased the fresh and dry weight up to 261 and 45%, respectively, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation with auxin increased spinach dry weight by up to 45% over control.
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculation along with auxine0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial inoculation along with auxin increased the fresh and dry weight up to 261 and 45%, respectively, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and auxin increased spinach cadmium uptake up to 5.36 folds versus control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- combined use of bacteria and auxine0
- Outcome
- uptake of Cde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 5.36 foldse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of bacteria and auxin also enhanced the uptake of Cd by spinach up to 5.36 folds compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose combined bacteria and auxin for growth and phytoremediation in metal contaminated soils.
- Treatment
- synergistic use of bacteria and auxine0
- Outcome
- improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soilse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“synergistic use of bacteria and auxin could be a novel approach for improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.