Abstract
To establish a plant-regenerating system through frequent somatic embryogenesis, a detailed investigation was undertaken on the effects of kinds, concentrations, and combinations of growth regulators on callus and somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments. Although no somatic embryogenesis occurred on the culture medium containing auxins alone, a low frequency of somatic embryo formation was shown on culture media containing auxins combined with natural cytokinins, namely 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin, 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP, and 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin or 10μM 2-iP. Somatic embryos also formed on culture madia containing auxins combined with GA3. From 50 to 70% of the root segment differentiated somatic embryos on culture media containing 10 to 30 μM NAA combined with 1 to 100 μM GA3. These results show that spinach somatic embryogenesis is most facilitated by NAA combined with GA3.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins alone did not produce somatic embryos from spinach roots.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Organ / stage
- root segmentse1
- Treatment
- auxins alonee0
- Outcome
- no somatic embryogenesis occurrede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although no somatic embryogenesis occurred on the culture medium containing auxins alone”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin produced a low frequency of spinach somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Organ / stage
- root segmentse1
- Treatment
- 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatine0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- low frequencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low frequency of somatic embryo formation was shown on culture media containing auxins combined with natural cytokinins, namely 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin, 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP, and 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin or 10μM 2-iP.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP produced a low frequency of spinach somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Organ / stage
- root segmentse1
- Treatment
- 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iPe0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- low frequencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low frequency of somatic embryo formation was shown on culture media containing auxins combined with natural cytokinins, namely 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin, 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP, and 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin or 10μM 2-iP.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin produced a low frequency of spinach somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatine0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- low frequencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low frequency of somatic embryo formation was shown on culture media containing auxins combined with natural cytokinins, namely 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin, 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP, and 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin or 10μM 2-iP.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
1μM 2.4-D with 10μM 2-iP produced a low frequency of spinach somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 1μM 2.4-De0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- low frequencye0
- Qualifier
- 10μM 2-iPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low frequency of somatic embryo formation was shown on culture media containing auxins combined with natural cytokinins, namely 10 μM NAA with 10 μM zeatin, 30 μM NAA with 10 μM 2-iP, and 1μM 2.4-D with 0.1 μM zeatin or 10μM 2-iP.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins combined with GA3 produced somatic embryos in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- auxins combined with GA3e0
- Outcome
- Somatic embryos also formede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Somatic embryos also formed on culture madia containing auxins combined with GA3.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10 to 30 μM NAA and 1 to 100 μM GA3, 50 to 70% of spinach root segments differentiated somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Organ / stage
- root segmente0
- Treatment
- 10 to 30 μM NAA combined with 1 to 100 μM GA3e0
- Outcome
- differentiated somatic embryose0
- Value
- 50 to 70%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From 50 to 70% of the root segment differentiated somatic embryos on culture media containing 10 to 30 μM NAA combined with 1 to 100 μM GA3.”
e1“somatic embryo formation from spinach root segments”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA with GA3 most facilitated spinach somatic embryogenesis.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- NAA combined with GA3e0
- Outcome
- somatic embryogenesise0
- Direction
- most facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results show that spinach somatic embryogenesis is most facilitated by NAA combined with GA3.”
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