Abstract
Laccase is a key enzyme in plant lignin biosynthesis as it catalyzes the final step of monolignols polymerization. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is considered as an ideal feedstock for ethanol production, but lignin greatly limits the production efficiency. No comprehensive analysis on laccase has ever been conducted in S. bicolor, although it appears as the most promising target for engineering lignocellulosic feedstock. The aim of our work is to systematically characterize S. bicolor laccase gene family and to identify the lignin-specific candidates. A total of twenty-seven laccase candidates (SbLAC1-SbLAC27) were identified in S. bicolor. All SbLACs comprised the equivalent L1-L4 signature sequences and three typical Cu-oxidase domains, but exhibited diverse intron-exon patterns and relatively low sequence identity. They were divided into six groups by phylogenetic clustering, revealing potential distinct functions, while SbLAC5 was considered as the closest lignin-specific candidate. qRT-PCR analysis deciphered that SbLAC genes were expressed preferentially in roots and young internodes of sweet sorghum, and SbLAC5 showed high expression, adding the evidence that SbLAC5 was bona fide involved in lignin biosynthesis. Besides, high abundance of SbLAC6 transcripts was detected, correlating it a potential role in lignin biosynthesis. Diverse cis regulatory elements were recognized in SbLACs promoters, indicating putative interaction with transcription factors. Seven SbLACs were found to be potential targets of sbi-miRNAs. Moreover, putative phosphorylation sites in SbLAC sequences were identified. Our research adds to the knowledge for lignin profile modification in sweet sorghum.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-seven laccase candidates were identified in S. bicolor.
- Taxon
- S. bicolor
Sorghum bicolore0 - Gene
- SbLAC1-SbLAC27e0
- Outcome
- laccase candidatese0
- Value
- twenty-sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of twenty-seven laccase candidates (SbLAC1-SbLAC27) were identified in S. bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
All SbLACs contained L1-L4 signature sequences and three Cu-oxidase domains.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLACse0
- Outcome
- L1-L4 signature sequences and three typical Cu-oxidase domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All SbLACs comprised the equivalent L1-L4 signature sequences and three typical Cu-oxidase domains”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
SbLACs had diverse intron-exon patterns and relatively low sequence identity.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- Laccasest0
- Outcome
- diverse intron-exon patterns and relatively low sequence identitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited diverse intron-exon patterns and relatively low sequence identity”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic clustering divided the laccases into six groups.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- Laccasest0
- Outcome
- groups by phylogenetic clusteringe0
- Value
- six groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They were divided into six groups by phylogenetic clustering”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
SbLAC5 was considered the closest lignin-specific candidate.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLAC5e0
- Outcome
- closest lignin-specific candidatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SbLAC5 was considered as the closest lignin-specific candidate”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
SbLAC genes were preferentially expressed in roots and young internodes of sweet sorghum.
Verbatim
e0“SbLAC genes were expressed preferentially in roots and young internodes of sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SbLAC5 showed high expression.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLAC5e0
- Outcome
- high expressione0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SbLAC5 showed high expression”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted SbLAC5 expression as evidence of involvement in lignin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLAC5e0
- Outcome
- involved in lignin biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding the evidence that SbLAC5 was bona fide involved in lignin biosynthesis”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
SbLAC6 transcripts were highly abundant.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLAC6e0
- Outcome
- abundance of SbLAC6 transcriptse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high abundance of SbLAC6 transcripts was detected”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associated SbLAC6 transcript abundance with a potential role in lignin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLAC6e1
- Outcome
- potential role in lignin biosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“correlating it a potential role in lignin biosynthesis”
e1“high abundance of SbLAC6 transcripts was detected”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
Diverse cis regulatory elements were found in SbLAC promoters.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLACse0
- Outcome
- Diverse cis regulatory elementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diverse cis regulatory elements were recognized in SbLACs promoters”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted promoter elements as suggesting interactions with transcription factors.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLACse1
- Outcome
- putative interaction with transcription factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating putative interaction with transcription factors”
e1“Diverse cis regulatory elements were recognized in SbLACs promoters”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven SbLACs were potential targets of sbi-miRNAs.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLACse0
- Outcome
- potential targets of sbi-miRNAse0
- Value
- Sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven SbLACs were found to be potential targets of sbi-miRNAs”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”
Claim · model-written summary
Putative phosphorylation sites were identified in SbLAC sequences.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Gene
- SbLACe0
- Outcome
- putative phosphorylation sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“putative phosphorylation sites in SbLAC sequences were identified”
t0“Sorghum bicolor Laccases”