Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Egypt during spring 2013 and 2014 using summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani) for studying the effects of PGPR strains. The objective of the first experiment was to study the efficiency of single, double and triple inoculations of Azospirillum brasilense (AC1), Bacillus subtilis (AC2) and Serratia marcescens (BM1) on summer squash fruit characters. Results showed that the double inoculations of tested PGPR strains in addition to single inoculation with Serratia marcescens produced non-significant higher fruit yield and average fruit weight compared to triple inoculation (AC1+AC2+BM1) and single inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. However, non-inoculated control plants and plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis showed lower fruit yield and average fruit weight. From the previous results, it concluded that the double inoculation were better than single and triple inoculations. However, the aim of the second experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of PGPR under N and P fertilization levels on plant growth, yield and nutrients uptake of summer squash as well as soil nutrient availability (available N and P). As per main effects, generally, plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availability enhanced significantly by increasing N and P levels, except half dose of P which gave statistically equivalent values of plant fresh and dry weight as well as nitrogen uptake in shoots and fruits in addition to P in shoots compared to full dose. Also, main effect of PGPR showed that the inoculated plants gave significantly higher plant growth, fruit yield, nutrient uptake and availability compared to un-inoculated control plants. Inoculated plants with PGPR strains under full dose of N and P gave mostly highest plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availability. This effect was at significant level in terms of fruit yield, soil nutrient availability and some nutrients uptake such as K in the shoots and N the fruits. Furthermore, PGPR significantly reduced P fertilizer application without any reduction in squash yield, especially under no and half dose of N fertilizer. Results revealed that the efficiency of PGPR strains increased by P increasing and decreased by N increasing.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculations and Serratia single inoculation gave nonsignificantly higher fruit yield than triple and Azospirillum single inoculation.
- Taxon
- summer squashe1
- Treatment
- double inoculations of tested PGPR strainse0
- Interactor
- Serratia marcescens
Serratia marcescense0symbiont - Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- triple inoculation (AC1+AC2+BM1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“double inoculations of tested PGPR strains in addition to single inoculation with Serratia marcescens produced non-significant higher fruit yield and average fruit weight compared to triple inoculation (AC1+AC2+BM1) and single inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculations and Serratia single inoculation gave nonsignificantly higher average fruit weight than triple and Azospirillum single inoculation.
- Taxon
- summer squashe1
- Treatment
- single inoculation with Serratia marcescense0
- Interactor
- Serratia marcescensSerratia marcescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single inoculation with Azospirillum brasilensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“double inoculations of tested PGPR strains in addition to single inoculation with Serratia marcescens produced non-significant higher fruit yield and average fruit weight compared to triple inoculation (AC1+AC2+BM1) and single inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated and Bacillus-treated plants had lower fruit yield and fruit weight.
- Taxon
- summer squashe1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- fruit yield and average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-inoculated control plants and plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis showed lower fruit yield and average fruit weight”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N and P significantly improved plant growth, fruit yield, nutrient uptake and availability.
- Taxon
- summer squashe1
- Treatment
- increasing N and P levelse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availabilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availability enhanced significantly by increasing N and P levels”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
Half P dose produced statistically equivalent biomass and nutrient uptake to full dose for listed traits.
Verbatim
e0“half dose of P which gave statistically equivalent values of plant fresh and dry weight as well as nitrogen uptake in shoots and fruits in addition to P in shoots compared to full dose”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation significantly improved growth, yield, nutrient uptake and availability versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“inoculated plants gave significantly higher plant growth, fruit yield, nutrient uptake and availability compared to un-inoculated control plants”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR under full N and P generally gave highest growth, yield, uptake and availability.
- Taxon
- summer squashe1
- Treatment
- PGPR strains under full dose of N and Pe0
- Outcome
- plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants with PGPR strains under full dose of N and P gave mostly highest plant growth, fruit yield, nutrients uptake and availability”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment significantly affected fruit yield, soil nutrient availability, shoot K and fruit N uptake.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“This effect was at significant level in terms of fruit yield, soil nutrient availability and some nutrients uptake such as K in the shoots and N the fruits”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR reduced P fertilizer need without reducing squash yield, especially at no or half N dose.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Treatment
- PGPRe0
- Outcome
- P fertilizer applicatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- especially under no and half dose of N fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PGPR significantly reduced P fertilizer application without any reduction in squash yield, especially under no and half dose of N fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR efficiency increased with P level.
Verbatim
e0“the efficiency of PGPR strains increased by P increasing”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR efficiency decreased with N level.
Verbatim
e0“decreased by N increasing”
e1“summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani)”
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