Abstract
Reports of disease suppression by compost are inconsistent likely because there are no established standards for feedstock material, maturity age for application, and application rate. The overall goal of the study was to evaluate a suite of biological indicators for their ability to predict disease suppression. Indicators included both commercial available methods for compost stability (Solvita™, respiration) and metrics of soil ecology not yet adopted by the compost industry (e.g., ecoenzymes, nematode community index). Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish was chosen as a model system given its global importance, competitiveness affected by carbon quality, and lack of disease management options for organic production. Biological indicators were evaluated for their ability to consistently differentiate among curing process, maturity, and feedstock material as a function of disease severity of a seedling bioassay and a compost extract assay to test competition with R. solani growth. Compost processed as vermicompost and anaerobic digestate were more suppressive against R. solani than windrow or aerated static pile. Mature composts were more suppressive than immature components. Feedstocks containing dairy manure and/or hardwood bark tended to have suppressive qualities. In contrast, poultry manure-based components were conducive to disease. Microbial ecoenzymes active on chitin and cellulose and nematode community indices were better predictors of disease suppressiveness than microbial respiration. These indicators are quicker than plant bioassays and could be adopted as tools to certify commercial products.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost was more suppressive against R. solani than windrow or aerated static pile compost.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse1 - Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- suppressive against R. solanie0
- Direction
- more suppressivee0
- Comparator
- windrow or aerated static pilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost processed as vermicompost and anaerobic digestate were more suppressive against R. solani than windrow or aerated static pile.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaerobic digestate was more suppressive than windrow or aerated static pile compost.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- anaerobic digestatee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive against R. solanie0
- Direction
- more suppressivee0
- Comparator
- windrow or aerated static pilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost processed as vermicompost and anaerobic digestate were more suppressive against R. solani than windrow or aerated static pile.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature compost was more suppressive than immature components.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- Mature compostse0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressivee0
- Direction
- more suppressivee0
- Comparator
- immature componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature composts were more suppressive than immature components.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Dairy manure feedstocks tended to suppress disease.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- dairy manuree0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive qualitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feedstocks containing dairy manure and/or hardwood bark tended to have suppressive qualities.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardwood bark feedstocks tended to suppress disease.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- hardwood barke0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive qualitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feedstocks containing dairy manure and/or hardwood bark tended to have suppressive qualities.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure components were conducive to disease.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- poultry manure-based componentse0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- conducive to diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“poultry manure-based components were conducive to disease.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin-active ecoenzymes predicted disease suppressiveness better than microbial respiration.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- predictors of disease suppressivenesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- microbial respiratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial ecoenzymes active on chitin and cellulose and nematode community indices were better predictors of disease suppressiveness than microbial respiration.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose-active ecoenzymes predicted disease suppressiveness better than microbial respiration.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- predictors of disease suppressivenesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- microbial respiratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial ecoenzymes active on chitin and cellulose and nematode community indices were better predictors of disease suppressiveness than microbial respiration.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode community indices predicted disease suppressiveness better than microbial respiration.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- predictors of disease suppressivenesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- microbial respiratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nematode community indices were better predictors of disease suppressiveness than microbial respiration.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
These indicators were quicker than plant bioassays.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Outcome
- quickere0
- Comparator
- plant bioassayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These indicators are quicker than plant bioassays”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed these indicators as certification tools for commercial compost.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Outcome
- tools to certify commercial productse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be adopted as tools to certify commercial products.”
e1“Damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani on radish”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · Rhizoctonia solani · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.