Abstract
Complex intercellular interaction is a common theme in plant-pathogen/ symbiont relationship. Cellular physiology of both the partners is affected by abiotic stress. However, little is known about the degree of protection each offers to the other from different types of environmental stress. Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots. The primary impact of arsenic was observed in the form of hyper-colonization of fungus in the host root and resulted in the recovery of its overall biomass, root damage and chlorophyll due to arsenic toxicity. Further, fungal colonization leads to balance the redox status of the cell by adjusting the antioxidative enzyme system which in turn protects photosynthetic machinery of the plant from arsenic stress. We observed that fungus has ability to immobilize soluble arsenic and interestingly, it was also observed that fungal colonization restricts most of arsenic in the colonized root while a small fraction of it translocated to shoot of colonized plants. Our study suggests that P. indica protects the paddy (Oryza sativa) from arsenic toxicity by three different mechanisms viz. reducing the availability of free arsenic in the plant environment, bio-transformation of the toxic arsenic salts into the insoluble particulate matter and modulating the antioxidative system of the host cell.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic exposure caused fungal hyper-colonization in paddy roots.
- Taxon
- paddy (Oryza sativa)
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- arsenice0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- hyper-colonization of fungus in the host roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The primary impact of arsenic was observed in the form of hyper-colonization of fungus in the host root”
e1“Our study suggests that P. indica protects the paddy (Oryza sativa) from arsenic toxicity by three different mechanisms viz. reducing the availability of free arsenic in the plant environment, bio-transformation of the toxic arsenic salts into the insoluble particulate matter and modulating the antioxidative system of the host cell.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal colonization restored biomass, root damage and chlorophyll under arsenic toxicity.
- Taxon
- paddye1
- Treatment
- Piriformospora indicae1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- overall biomass, root damage and chlorophylle0
- Direction
- recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the recovery of its overall biomass, root damage and chlorophyll due to arsenic toxicity.”
e1“Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal colonization adjusted antioxidant enzymes and cellular redox status.
- Taxon
- paddye1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- redox status of the celle0
- Qualifier
- adjusting the antioxidative enzyme systeme0
Verbatim
e0“fungal colonization leads to balance the redox status of the cell by adjusting the antioxidative enzyme system”
e1“Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjusted antioxidant system protected photosynthetic machinery from arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- paddye1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic machinery of the plante0
- Qualifier
- arsenic stresse0
Verbatim
e0“protects photosynthetic machinery of the plant from arsenic stress.”
e1“Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus immobilized soluble arsenic.
- Taxon
- paddye1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble arsenice0
- Direction
- immobilizee0
Verbatim
e0“fungus has ability to immobilize soluble arsenic”
e1“Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal colonization restricted most arsenic to colonized roots, with a small fraction moving to shoots.
Verbatim
e0“fungal colonization restricts most of arsenic in the colonized root while a small fraction of it translocated to shoot of colonized plants.”
e1“Our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose reduced free arsenic availability as a protective mechanism.
- Taxon
- paddy (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- availability of free arsenice0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- plant environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the availability of free arsenic in the plant environment”
e1“Our study suggests that P. indica protects the paddy (Oryza sativa) from arsenic toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose conversion of toxic arsenic salts into insoluble particles.
- Taxon
- paddy (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- toxic arsenic salts into the insoluble particulate mattere0
- Qualifier
- bio-transformatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-transformation of the toxic arsenic salts into the insoluble particulate matter”
e1“Our study suggests that P. indica protects the paddy (Oryza sativa) from arsenic toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose host antioxidant-system modulation as a protective mechanism.
- Taxon
- paddy (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidative system of the host celle0
- Qualifier
- modulatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulating the antioxidative system of the host cell.”
e1“Our study suggests that P. indica protects the paddy (Oryza sativa) from arsenic toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
Serendipita indica · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.