Abstract
We investigated the effects of silicon (Si) and the levels and sources of salinity on the growth and some physiological properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran) in a sandy loam soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised four Si levels (8, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 soil), four salinity levels (0.46, 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1) and two salinity sources (sodium chloride (NaCl) and four-salt combination). Salts combination included NaCl, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) at a molar ratio of 4:2:2:1. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design in a factorial manner, with three replications. Increasing salinity level resulted in a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity, and it caused a marked increase in proline and glycine betaine (GB) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. The stimulating effect on GB accumulation and SOD activity was more intense in NaCl-treated plants. However, the source of salinity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and proline concentrations, and CAT activity. Si application enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters, except for proline. The suppressing effect of salinity on shoot dry weight, chlorophyll concentration and CAT activity was alleviated by Si supplementation. The stimulating effects of Si fertilization on shoot dry weight and chlorophyll concentration became more pronounced at higher salinity levels. It could be concluded that a decrease in soil osmotic potential, nutrient imbalance and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in salt-treated plants caused growth suppression, while Si supply decreased the deleterious effects of excess salt on wheat growth. Consequently, it appears that when wheat plants are to be grown in salt-affected soils, it is highly recommended to supply them with adequate available silicon (Si).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased wheat shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and catalase activity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Increasing salinity levele1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“Increasing salinity level resulted in a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased wheat proline and glycine betaine concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- proline and glycine betaine (GB) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“it caused a marked increase in proline and glycine betaine (GB) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity”
e2“Increasing salinity level resulted in a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity-associated rise in glycine betaine accumulation and SOD activity was more intense with NaCl treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCl-treated plantse1
- Outcome
- GB accumulation and SOD activitye1
- Direction
- more intensee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“The stimulating effect on GB accumulation and SOD activity was more intense in NaCl-treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity source had no significant effect on wheat shoot dry weight, chlorophyll, proline or catalase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- source of salinitye1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and proline concentrations, and CAT activitye1
- Direction
- had no significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“the source of salinity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and proline concentrations, and CAT activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application enhanced wheat shoot dry weight, chlorophyll, catalase, glycine betaine and SOD activity, but not proline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione1
- Outcome
- all the above-mentioned parameters, except for prolinee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“Si application enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters, except for proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alleviated salinity suppression of wheat shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and CAT activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si supplementatione1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, chlorophyll concentration and CAT activitye1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“The suppressing effect of salinity on shoot dry weight, chlorophyll concentration and CAT activity was alleviated by Si supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon stimulation of wheat shoot dry weight and chlorophyll was more pronounced at higher salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight and chlorophyll concentratione1
- Direction
- more pronouncede1
- Qualifier
- at higher salinity levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“The stimulating effects of Si fertilization on shoot dry weight and chlorophyll concentration became more pronounced at higher salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute wheat growth suppression under salt to reduced soil osmotic potential, nutrient imbalance and rising ROS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- growth suppressione1
- Qualifier
- a decrease in soil osmotic potential, nutrient imbalance and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran)”
e1“a decrease in soil osmotic potential, nutrient imbalance and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in salt-treated plants caused growth suppression”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adequate silicon for wheat grown in salt-affected soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- supply them with adequate available silicon (Si)e0
- Qualifier
- salt-affected soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat plants are to be grown in salt-affected soils, it is highly recommended to supply them with adequate available silicon (Si)”
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See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.