Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and ruminal degradability of Napier grass silage. Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda in 5 × 4 meter plots was irrigated once every week for a period of 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight in a completely randomized design replicated 6 times for 90 d in 1 liter glass jars. After 90 d, silages were determined for fermentation quality and nutritive composition using standard protocols. The DM and CP ruminal degradability was determined in sacco by incubating silage samples in nylon bags (external dimension: 6 × 12 cm, pore size of 46 µm) in the rumen in three Bonsmara steers fitted with rumen cannula for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Parameters to describe the dynamics of ruminal degradability of DM and CP were obtained by fitting the data on the exponential equation p = a + b (1 - e-ct) using NEWAY computer program, where “a” is the rapid degradable fraction, “b” is the slow degradable fraction, “a + b” is the potential degradability and “c” is the outflow rate. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using general linear model procedures of Minitab Statistical package version 17. Molasses treatment had higher (P < 0.05) residual water soluble carbohydrates, ash and DM content and lower (P < 0.05) ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre content of silage. In addition, maize meal silage had higher (P < 0.05) fat content and lower (P < 0.01) acid detergent fibre. However, additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours. As a result, increased (P < 0.01) “a”, “b” and “a + b” fractions, and effective degradability at 2, 5 and 8% outflow rate for DM and also “a + b” (P < 0.05) for CP were observed. Therefore, our results suggest that additives were effective in improving the quality of Napier grass silage leading to improved ruminal degradability, with molasses treatment yielding the best silage quality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses silage had higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates, ash and DM content than silage without additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grass
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Cenchrus purpureuse0 - Treatment
- Molasses treatmente1
- Outcome
- residual water soluble carbohydrates, ash and DM contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e1“Molasses treatment had higher (P < 0.05) residual water soluble carbohydrates, ash and DM content and lower (P < 0.05) ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre content of silage”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses silage had lower ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre content than silage without additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- Molasses treatmente1
- Outcome
- ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e1“Molasses treatment had higher (P < 0.05) residual water soluble carbohydrates, ash and DM content and lower (P < 0.05) ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre content of silage”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize meal silage had higher fat content than silage without additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- maize meale3
- Outcome
- fat contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e3“maize meal silage had higher (P < 0.05) fat content and lower (P < 0.01) acid detergent fibre”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize meal silage had lower acid detergent fibre than silage without additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- maize meale3
- Outcome
- acid detergent fibree3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e3“maize meal silage had higher (P < 0.05) fat content and lower (P < 0.01) acid detergent fibre”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives increased DM disappearance at all incubation hours compared with no additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese4
- Outcome
- DM disappearancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- for all incubation hourse4
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e4“additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives increased CP disappearance at 48 and 120 incubation hours compared with no additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese4
- Outcome
- CP disappearancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- for 48 and 120 incubation hourse4
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e4“additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives increased the rapidly degradable, slowly degradable and potential degradable fractions of silage.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese4
- Outcome
- fractionse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e4“additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours”
e5“increased (P < 0.01) "a", "b" and "a + b" fractions, and effective degradability at 2, 5 and 8% outflow rate for DM and also "a + b" (P < 0.05) for CP were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives increased effective DM degradability at 2, 5 and 8% outflow rates compared with no additive.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese4
- Outcome
- effective degradabilitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at 2, 5 and 8% outflow ratee5
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e4“additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours”
e5“increased (P < 0.01) "a", "b" and "a + b" fractions, and effective degradability at 2, 5 and 8% outflow rate for DM and also "a + b" (P < 0.05) for CP were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives increased the potential degradability (a + b) of CP.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese4
- Outcome
- a + be5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Qualifier
- for CPe5
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e4“additives increased (P < 0.05) DM disappearance for all incubation hours, and CP disappearance for 48 and 120 incubation hours”
e5“increased (P < 0.01) "a", "b" and "a + b" fractions, and effective degradability at 2, 5 and 8% outflow rate for DM and also "a + b" (P < 0.05) for CP were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives were effective in improving the quality of Napier grass silage.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- additivese6
- Outcome
- quality of Napier grass silagee6
- Direction
- effective in improvinge6
- Comparator
- no additivee2
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e2“the Napier freshly cut grass was ensiled with no additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar at 10% fresh weight”
e6“additives were effective in improving the quality of Napier grass silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses treatment gave the best silage quality.
- Taxon
- Napier grassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- Molasses treatmente7
- Outcome
- best silage qualitye7
- Direction
- beste7
- Setting
- School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Vendae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda”
e7“molasses treatment yielding the best silage quality”
The same questions in other papers
molasses · quality: general · Cenchrus purpureus (elephant grass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.