Abstract
The effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or three rates of N (0, 224 and 448 kg·ha−1·yr−1) in split application, and two rates of S (0 and 34 kg·ha−11yr−1) on yield, chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) by sheep were studied. Thus, a 2 × 4 factorial was used. Treatments were replicated three times in a ran-domized-block design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments. Three metabolism trials, each involving 16 wether lambs (35 kg avg body weight), were conducted. The herbage was fed as chopped sun-cured hay. A 7-d preliminary period preceeded a 7-d collection period during each trial. Inclusion of red clover had no effect on composition of orchardgrass forage, probably due to a low proportion of red clover (8%) in the mixed sward. Crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and dry matter (DM) yield were increased (P<.01) but S content was decreased (P<.05) with increasing levels of N fertilization. Application of S increased (P<.05) S content of orchardgrass and decreased N:S ratio at the low and high N application rates. Sulphur increased (P<.05) CP content and IVDMD and decreased contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin and hemicellulose (P<.05). In vivo dry matter digestibility was increased (P<.01) by N fertilization. Inclusion of red clover in orchardgrass increased (P<.01) the digestibility of DM and hemicellulose. Interactions occurred between N and S with regard to the digestibility of DM and CP (P<.01). Digestibility of DM was increased by the low rate of N fertilization (224 kg N/ha) regardless of S application, but a response to the high rate (448 kg/ha) occurred only when S was applied. Apparent digestibility of CP was not affected by N fertilization in forage not fertilized with S, but increased with level of N application when the sward was fertilized with S. Sulphur fertilization of grass appears to be most beneficial when high levels of N are applied, or when available S in soil is low.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover inclusion did not change orchardgrass forage composition.
- Taxon
- orchardgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratat0 - Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- composition of orchardgrass foragee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- low proportion of red clover (8%)e0
- Comparator
- mixed swarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of red clover had no effect on composition of orchardgrass forage, probably due to a low proportion of red clover (8%) in the mixed sward.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen raised orchardgrass crude protein content.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Crude protein (CP) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and dry matter (DM) yield were increased (P<.01) but S content was decreased (P<.05) with increasing levels of N fertilization.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen raised in vitro dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and dry matter (DM) yield were increased (P<.01) but S content was decreased (P<.05) with increasing levels of N fertilization.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen raised orchardgrass dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM) yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and dry matter (DM) yield were increased (P<.01) but S content was decreased (P<.05) with increasing levels of N fertilization.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen lowered orchardgrass sulphur content.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- S contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and dry matter (DM) yield were increased (P<.01) but S content was decreased (P<.05) with increasing levels of N fertilization.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur application increased orchardgrass sulphur content.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Application of Se0
- Outcome
- S contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of S increased (P<.05) S content of orchardgrass and decreased N:S ratio at the low and high N application rates.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur application decreased the N:S ratio at low and high nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Application of Se0
- Outcome
- N:S ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- low and high N application ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of S increased (P<.05) S content of orchardgrass and decreased N:S ratio at the low and high N application rates.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Sulphure0
- Outcome
- CP content and IVDMDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur increased (P<.05) CP content and IVDMD and decreased contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin and hemicellulose (P<.05).”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur decreased neutral detergent fiber, lignin and hemicellulose contents.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Sulphure0
- Outcome
- contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin and hemicellulosee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur increased (P<.05) CP content and IVDMD and decreased contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin and hemicellulose (P<.05).”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased in vivo dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- In vivo dry matter digestibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo dry matter digestibility was increased (P<.01) by N fertilization.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover inclusion increased dry matter and hemicellulose digestibility.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- digestibility of DM and hemicellulosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of red clover in orchardgrass increased (P<.01) the digestibility of DM and hemicellulose.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and sulphur interacted in their effects on dry matter and crude protein digestibility.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N and Se0
- Outcome
- digestibility of DM and CPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interactions occurred between N and S with regard to the digestibility of DM and CP (P<.01).”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased dry matter digestibility regardless of sulphur application.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- low rate of N fertilization (224 kg N/ha)e0
- Outcome
- Digestibility of DMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of S applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Digestibility of DM was increased by the low rate of N fertilization (224 kg N/ha) regardless of S application”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased dry matter digestibility only when sulphur was applied.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- high rate (448 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- occurrede0
- Qualifier
- only when S was appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a response to the high rate (448 kg/ha) occurred only when S was applied.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect apparent crude protein digestibility without sulphur.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Apparent digestibility of CPe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Comparator
- forage not fertilized with Se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent digestibility of CP was not affected by N fertilization in forage not fertilized with S”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen raised apparent crude protein digestibility when sulphur was applied.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Apparent digestibility of CPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when the sward was fertilized with Se0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent digestibility of CP was not affected by N fertilization in forage not fertilized with S, but increased with level of N application when the sward was fertilized with S.”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur fertilization appeared most beneficial with high nitrogen or low soil sulphur.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur fertilization of grass appears to be most beneficial when high levels of N are applied, or when available S in soil is low.”
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