Abstract
Herbage production and nutrient content are affected by light interception and soil fertility. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of artificial shade and fertilization on herbage production, growth characteristics, and nutrient content of the grass species Dactylis glomerata and Festuca ovina, and the legume species Trifolium subterraneum and Medicago lupulina. Each plant species was placed under three shading treatments of 90% (heavy shade), 50% (moderate shade) and 0% (control). Fertilization (225 kg/ha N, 450 kg/ha P, and 225 kg/ha K) was applied to half of the pots of every species and shading treatment. Reduced light intensity (90% shading) significantly lowered herbage production from 18% for F. ovina to 48% for D. glomerata and decreased the root:shoot (R/S) ratio of all species but the moderate reduction of light intensity (50%) did not affect R/S ratio and herbage production of the grasses and M. lupulina, while it resulted in an increase of the production of T. subterraneum by 10.5%. Reduced light intensity increased by 25% on average, the crude protein concentration of the grass species while moderate shading did not affect the crude protein concentration of T. subterraneum. Fertilization increased herbage production from 16% for F. ovina to 59% for D. glomerata and ameliorated its nutrient content. Among the tested species, D. glomerata and T. subterraneum demonstrated the highest shade tolerance and could be incorporated into silvopastoral systems of the Mediterranean region.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade lowered Festuca ovina herbage production by 18%.
- Taxon
- F. ovina
Festuca ovinae0 - Treatment
- 90% shadinge0
- Outcome
- herbage productione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced light intensity (90% shading) significantly lowered herbage production from 18% for F. ovina to 48% for D. glomerata”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade lowered Dactylis glomerata herbage production by 48%.
- Taxon
- D. glomerata
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratae0 - Treatment
- 90% shadinge0
- Outcome
- herbage productione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Reduced light intensity (90% shading) significantly lowered herbage production from 18% for F. ovina to 48% for D. glomerata”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade decreased root:shoot ratio in all four species.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Reduced light intensity (90% shading) significantly lowered herbage production from 18% for F. ovina to 48% for D. glomerata and decreased the root:shoot (R/S) ratio of all species”
t0“some herbaceous species under shade and fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate shade did not affect root:shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- the grasses and M. lupulinae0
- Treatment
- moderate reduction of light intensity (50%)e0
- Outcome
- R/S ratioe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the moderate reduction of light intensity (50%) did not affect R/S ratio and herbage production of the grasses and M. lupulina”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate shade did not affect herbage production of the grasses and Medicago lupulina.
- Taxon
- the grasses and M. lupulinae0
- Treatment
- moderate reduction of light intensity (50%)e0
- Outcome
- herbage productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the moderate reduction of light intensity (50%) did not affect R/S ratio and herbage production of the grasses and M. lupulina”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate shade increased Trifolium subterraneum production by 10.5%.
- Taxon
- T. subterraneum
Trifolium subterraneume0 - Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10.5%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it resulted in an increase of the production of T. subterraneum by 10.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced light intensity increased crude protein concentration of grasses by 25% on average.
- Taxon
- grass speciese0
- Treatment
- Reduced light intensitye0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Reduced light intensity increased by 25% on average, the crude protein concentration of the grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate shade did not affect crude protein concentration of Trifolium subterraneum.
- Taxon
- T. subterraneumTrifolium subterraneume0
- Treatment
- moderate shadinge0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate shading did not affect the crude protein concentration of T. subterraneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased Festuca ovina herbage production by 16%.
- Taxon
- F. ovinaFestuca ovinae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- herbage productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization increased herbage production from 16% for F. ovina to 59% for D. glomerata”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased Dactylis glomerata herbage production by 59%.
- Taxon
- D. glomerataDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- herbage productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization increased herbage production from 16% for F. ovina to 59% for D. glomerata”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization improved herbage nutrient content.
- Taxon
- D. glomerataDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient contente0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization increased herbage production from 16% for F. ovina to 59% for D. glomerata and ameliorated its nutrient content”
Claim · model-written summary
Dactylis glomerata had the highest shade tolerance among tested species.
- Taxon
- D. glomerataDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- shade tolerancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested species, D. glomerata and T. subterraneum demonstrated the highest shade tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifolium subterraneum had the highest shade tolerance among tested species.
- Taxon
- T. subterraneumTrifolium subterraneume0
- Outcome
- shade tolerancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested species, D. glomerata and T. subterraneum demonstrated the highest shade tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium subterraneum could be incorporated into Mediterranean silvopastoral systems.
- Taxon
- D. glomerata and T. subterraneumTrifolium subterraneumDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- incorporated into silvopastoral systemse0
- Setting
- Mediterranean regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D. glomerata and T. subterraneum demonstrated the highest shade tolerance and could be incorporated into silvopastoral systems of the Mediterranean region”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Festuca ovinaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
shade · yield · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · yield · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Results agree
24 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.