Abstract
ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to compare potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) utilization and grass tetany potential of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) fertilized with dairy manure or commercial fertilizer. The study was conducted from 1994 through 2000 in Willsboro, NY on a Kingsbury clay soil (very-fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) of somewhat poor drainage. The design was a split-plot in a randomized complete block with two manure rates (16.8 Mg ha−1 and 33.6 Mg ha−1) and one fertilizer treatment (84 kg N ha−1 at spring greenup and 56 kg N ha−1 prior each regrowth harvest) as the main plots and grass species as subplots replicated six times. Potassium concentration and uptake increased after two years of manure application compared to commercial fertilizer treatment and residual effects of manure were large at least three years following manure application. Calcium concentration and uptake decreased after two years of manure application compared to the commercial fertilizer treatment, but there were no differences in treatments three years after manure application had ceased. Magnesium concentration and uptake at the high manure rate did not differ from fertilizer treatment in all years. Orchardgrass was more grass tetany prone than tall fescue as a result of dairy manure application. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissue was as high as 3.26 for orchardgrass and as high as 2.11 for tall fescue for spring harvests at the highest manure rate. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissue was in the range of 0.34–1.74 (below the 2.20 critical level) for all three years with no manure application. Soil K increased in manure treatments from an initial 76.8 kg ha−1 (1993) to 171.7 kg ha−1 (1997) in the highest manure treatment. After three years of no manure applications, soil K had been reduced to the initial level.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Manure increased grass potassium concentration and uptake after two years compared with fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentration and uptake increased after two years of manure application compared to commercial fertilizer treatment”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effects of manure persisted at least three years.
Verbatim
e0“residual effects of manure were large at least three years following manure application”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure reduced calcium concentration and uptake after two years versus fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium concentration and uptake decreased after two years of manure application compared to the commercial fertilizer treatment”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium concentration and uptake did not differ among treatments three years after manure ceased.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium concentration and uptake decreased after two years of manure application compared to the commercial fertilizer treatment, but there were no differences in treatments three years after manure application had ceased”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium concentration and uptake at the high manure rate did not differ from fertilizer in any year.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium concentration and uptake at the high manure rate did not differ from fertilizer treatment in all years”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure made orchardgrass more tetany prone than tall fescue.
- Taxon
- Orchardgrass
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Dactylis glomeratae0 - Material
- Orchardgrasse0
- Treatment
- dairy manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- grass tetany pronee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- tall fescuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Orchardgrass was more grass tetany prone than tall fescue as a result of dairy manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
The spring-harvest tissue K/(Ca+Mg) ratio reached 3.26 in orchardgrass at the highest manure rate.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Organ / stage
- spring harvestse0
- Treatment
- highest manure ratee0
- Outcome
- K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissuee0
- Direction
- as high ase0
- Value
- 3.26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissue was as high as 3.26 for orchardgrass and as high as 2.11 for tall fescue for spring harvests at the highest manure rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The spring-harvest tissue K/(Ca+Mg) ratio reached 2.11 in tall fescue at the highest manure rate.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Organ / stage
- spring harvestse0
- Treatment
- highest manure ratee0
- Outcome
- K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissuee0
- Direction
- as high ase0
- Value
- 2.11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissue was as high as 3.26 for orchardgrass and as high as 2.11 for tall fescue for spring harvests at the highest manure rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Without manure, tissue K/(Ca+Mg) ratios were 0.34–1.74, below the critical level.
Verbatim
e0“The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in plant tissue was in the range of 0.34–1.74 (below the 2.20 critical level) for all three years with no manure application”
t0“ORCHARDGRASS AND TALL FESCUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K rose from 76.8 kg ha−1 to 171.7 kg ha−1 under the highest manure treatment.
- Treatment
- highest manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 171.7 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- an initial 76.8 kg ha−1 (1993)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil K increased in manure treatments from an initial 76.8 kg ha−1 (1993) to 171.7 kg ha−1 (1997) in the highest manure treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K returned to its initial level after three years without manure.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After three years of no manure applications, soil K had been reduced to the initial level”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.