Abstract
The effects of non-enzymatic antioxidative compounds such as ascorbic acid, thiamine HCl and beta-carotene were investigated on salt stressed maize plants. The maize plants were sprayed with 100 mg L−1 of ascorbic acid, thiamine or beta-carotene solutions once a week, up to harvesting of plants. The treatment of NaCl was initiated 25 days after sowing by irrigating the plants with 125 mM NaCl solution. Plants for physiological and biochemical measurements were harvested at the cob formation stage and for yield 90 days after seedling emergence. The results showed that although salt stress reduced the shoot and root dry weights and macro-element contents of maize plants, exogenous application of non-enzymatic antioxidants improved the above-mentioned parameters of maize plants under saline conditions. Shoot and root dry weights increased significantly (P < 0.05) by the ascorbic acid treatments. Salt stress enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POX; EC: 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC: 1.10.3.1). Proline content also increased significantly in maize plants in response to NaCl stress. Although the SOD activity increased significantly with ascorbic acid treatment, the POX activity increased considerably with beta-carotene application. Of the non-enzymatic antioxidative compounds tested, ascorbic acid was more effective than the others in protecting maize plants from salinity stress. The results of the present study indicate that foliar application of non-enzymatic antioxidative compounds alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity and increased resistance to salinity in the maize plants by improving the antioxidative defense system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced shoot and root dry weights.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress reduced the shoot and root dry weights and macro-element contents of maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced macro-element contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress reduced the shoot and root dry weights and macro-element contents of maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant applications improved dry weights and macro-element contents under saline conditions.
- Treatment
- exogenous application of non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- above-mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of non-enzymatic antioxidants improved the above-mentioned parameters of maize plants under saline conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid significantly increased shoot and root dry weights.
- Treatment
- ascorbic acid treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- P < 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Shoot and root dry weights increased significantly (P < 0.05) by the ascorbic acid treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POX; EC: 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC: 1.10.3.1)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Salt stress enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POX; EC: 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC: 1.10.3.1).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress significantly increased proline content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content also increased significantly in maize plants in response to NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid significantly increased SOD activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the SOD activity increased significantly with ascorbic acid treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-carotene considerably increased POX activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the POX activity increased considerably with beta-carotene application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid protected maize from salinity stress more effectively than the other antioxidants.
- Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- protecting maize plants from salinity stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbic acid was more effective than the others in protecting maize plants from salinity stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded foliar antioxidants alleviated salinity harm and increased resistance through improved antioxidative defense.
- Treatment
- foliar application of non-enzymatic antioxidative compoundse0
- Outcome
- resistance to salinitye0
- Qualifier
- improving the antioxidative defense systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of non-enzymatic antioxidative compounds alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity and increased resistance to salinity in the maize plants by improving the antioxidative defense system.”
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