Abstract
Chilling stress is an important constraint for maize seedling establishment in the field. To examine the role of salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in response to chilling stress, we investigated the effects of seed priming with SA, H2O2 and SA+H2O2 combination on maize resistance under chilling stress (13°C). Priming with SA, H2O2 and especially SA+H2O2 shortened seed germination time and enhanced seed vigor and seedling growth as compared with hydropriming and non-priming treatments under low temperature. Meanwhile, SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and their corresponding genes ZmPAL, ZmSOD4, ZmAPX2, ZmCAT2 and ZmGR expression levels. The α-amylase activity was enhanced to mobilize starch to supply metabolites such as soluble sugar and energy for seed germination under chilling stress. In addition, the SA+H2O2 combination positively up-regulated expressions of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2, and down-regulated GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expression; while it promoted GA signaling transduction genes expressions of ZmGID1 and ZmGID2 and decreased the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2. The abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene ZmCYP707A2 and the expressions of ZmCPK11 and ZmSnRK2.1 encoding response receptors in ABA signaling pathway were all up-regulated. These results strongly suggested that priming with SA and H2O2 synergistically promoted hormones metabolism and signal transduction, and enhanced energy supply and antioxidant enzymes activities under chilling stress, which were closely relevant with chilling injury alleviation and chilling-tolerance improvement in maize seed.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming shortened seed germination time under low temperature.
- Treatment
- Priming with SA, H2O2 and especially SA+H2O2e1
- Outcome
- seed germination timee1
- Direction
- shortenede1
- Qualifier
- under low temperaturee1
- Comparator
- hydropriming and non-priming treatmentse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e1“Priming with SA, H2O2 and especially SA+H2O2 shortened seed germination time and enhanced seed vigor and seedling growth as compared with hydropriming and non-priming treatments under low temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming enhanced seed vigor and seedling growth under low temperature.
- Treatment
- Priming with SA, H2O2 and especially SA+H2O2e1
- Outcome
- seed vigor and seedling growthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- under low temperaturee1
- Comparator
- hydropriming and non-priming treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e1“Priming with SA, H2O2 and especially SA+H2O2 shortened seed germination time and enhanced seed vigor and seedling growth as compared with hydropriming and non-priming treatments under low temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming increased endogenous H2O2 and SA content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and their corresponding genes ZmPAL, ZmSOD4, ZmAPX2, ZmCAT2 and ZmGR expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and their corresponding genes ZmPAL, ZmSOD4, ZmAPX2, ZmCAT2 and ZmGR expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming increased expression of ZmPAL, ZmSOD4 and ZmAPX2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and their corresponding genes ZmPAL, ZmSOD4, ZmAPX2, ZmCAT2 and ZmGR expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming increased expression of ZmCAT2 and ZmGR.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and their corresponding genes ZmPAL, ZmSOD4, ZmAPX2, ZmCAT2 and ZmGR expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming enhanced alpha-amylase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content”
e3“The α-amylase activity was enhanced to mobilize starch to supply metabolites such as soluble sugar and energy for seed germination under chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA+H2O2 combination up-regulated gibberellin biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2.
- Treatment
- the SA+H2O2 combinatione4
- Gene
- ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2e4
- Outcome
- biosynthesis genese4
- Direction
- up-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e4“In addition, the SA+H2O2 combination positively up-regulated expressions of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2, and down-regulated GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expression; while it promoted GA signaling transduction genes expressions of ZmGID1 and ZmGID2 and decreased the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA+H2O2 combination down-regulated gibberellin catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1.
- Treatment
- the SA+H2O2 combinatione4
- Gene
- ZmGA2ox1e4
- Outcome
- GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expressione4
- Direction
- down-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e4“In addition, the SA+H2O2 combination positively up-regulated expressions of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2, and down-regulated GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expression; while it promoted GA signaling transduction genes expressions of ZmGID1 and ZmGID2 and decreased the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA+H2O2 combination promoted GA signalling transduction genes ZmGID1 and ZmGID2.
- Treatment
- the SA+H2O2 combinatione4
- Gene
- ZmGID1 and ZmGID2e4
- Outcome
- GA signaling transduction genes expressionse4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e4“In addition, the SA+H2O2 combination positively up-regulated expressions of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2, and down-regulated GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expression; while it promoted GA signaling transduction genes expressions of ZmGID1 and ZmGID2 and decreased the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA+H2O2 combination decreased the seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2.
- Treatment
- the SA+H2O2 combinatione4
- Gene
- ZmRGL2e4
- Outcome
- the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2e4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e4“In addition, the SA+H2O2 combination positively up-regulated expressions of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes ZmGA20ox1 and ZmGA3ox2, and down-regulated GA catabolism gene ZmGA2ox1 expression; while it promoted GA signaling transduction genes expressions of ZmGID1 and ZmGID2 and decreased the level of seed germination inhibitor gene ZmRGL2”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming up-regulated the ABA catabolism gene ZmCYP707A2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content”
e5“The abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene ZmCYP707A2 and the expressions of ZmCPK11 and ZmSnRK2.1 encoding response receptors in ABA signaling pathway were all up-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+H2O2 priming up-regulated expression of ZmCPK11 and ZmSnRK2.1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e2“SA+H2O2 priming notably increased the endogenous H2O2 and SA content”
e5“The abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene ZmCYP707A2 and the expressions of ZmCPK11 and ZmSnRK2.1 encoding response receptors in ABA signaling pathway were all up-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with SA and H2O2 synergistically promoted hormone metabolism and signal transduction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e6“priming with SA and H2O2 synergistically promoted hormones metabolism and signal transduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with SA and H2O2 is closely relevant to chilling-injury alleviation and chilling-tolerance improvement in maize seed.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination”
e6“priming with SA and H2O2 synergistically promoted hormones metabolism and signal transduction”
e7“which were closely relevant with chilling injury alleviation and chilling-tolerance improvement in maize seed”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.