Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Water-saving ground cover rice production systems (GCRPS) are gaining popularity in many parts of the world. We aimed to describe the characteristics of root growth, morphology, distribution, and water uptake for a GCRPS. METHODS: A traditional paddy rice production system (TPRPS) was compared with GCRPS in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, GCRPS where root zone average soil water content was kept near saturation (GCRPSsat), field capacity (GCRPSfwc) and 80% field capacity (GCRPS80%), were evaluated. In a two-year field experiment, GCRPSsat and GCRPS80% were applied. RESULTS: Similar results were found in greenhouse and field experiments. Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS, leading to enhanced root dry weight, length, surface area, specific root length, and smaller diameter of roots but lower water uptake rate per root length compared to TPRPS. In subsequent growth stages, the reduced soil water content under GCRPS caused that the preponderance of root growth under GCRPSsat disappeared in comparison to TPRPS. Under other GCRPS treatments (GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%), significant limitation on root growth, bigger root diameter and higher water uptake rate per root length were found. CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in soil water and temperature between TPRPS and GCRPS caused adjustments to root growth, morphology, distribution and function. Even though drought stress was inevitable after mid-tillering under GCRPS, especially GCRPS80%, similar or even enhanced root water uptake capacity in comparison to TPRPS might promote allocation of photosynthetic products to shoots and increase water productivity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Before mid-tillering, upper soil temperature was higher under GCRPS than TPRPS.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- upper soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Before mid-tillering, GCRPS enhanced root dry weight, length, surface area and specific root length relative to TPRPS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe1
- Outcome
- root dry weight, length, surface area, specific root lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- TPRPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to enhanced root dry weight, length, surface area, specific root length, and smaller diameter of roots but lower water uptake rate per root length compared to TPRPS”
t0“rice”
e1“Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Before mid-tillering, GCRPS produced smaller root diameters than TPRPS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe1
- Outcome
- diameter of rootse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- TPRPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“smaller diameter of roots but lower water uptake rate per root length compared to TPRPS”
t0“rice”
e1“Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Before mid-tillering, GCRPS lowered water uptake rate per root length relative to TPRPS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe1
- Outcome
- water uptake rate per root lengthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- TPRPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower water uptake rate per root length compared to TPRPS”
t0“rice”
e1“Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS”
Claim · model-written summary
After mid-tillering, the root-growth advantage under GCRPSsat disappeared relative to TPRPS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSsate0
- Outcome
- preponderance of root growthe0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Comparator
- TPRPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the preponderance of root growth under GCRPSsat disappeared in comparison to TPRPS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80% significantly limited root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%e0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- limitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under other GCRPS treatments (GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%), significant limitation on root growth, bigger root diameter and higher water uptake rate per root length were found”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80% produced bigger root diameter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%e0
- Outcome
- root diametere0
- Direction
- biggere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under other GCRPS treatments (GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%), significant limitation on root growth, bigger root diameter and higher water uptake rate per root length were found”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80% produced higher water uptake rate per root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%e0
- Outcome
- water uptake rate per root lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under other GCRPS treatments (GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%), significant limitation on root growth, bigger root diameter and higher water uptake rate per root length were found”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar or enhanced root water uptake capacity under GCRPS may promote shoot allocation and water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe1
- Outcome
- allocation of photosynthetic products to shoots and increase water productivitye0
- Qualifier
- might promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar or even enhanced root water uptake capacity in comparison to TPRPS might promote allocation of photosynthetic products to shoots and increase water productivity”
t0“rice”
e1“Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS”
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