Abstract
In the search for new antibacterial agents from natural sources, we revealed that a crude methanol extract of Sapium baccatum was highly active against Ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial wilt of tomato. The bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract resulted in the isolation of seven known active compounds, including gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, tercatain, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside. Their chemical structures were determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An in vitro antibacterial bioassay using a broth microdilution method revealed that, except for quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (MIC = 250 μg/mL), the isolated compounds exhibited strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum (MIC = 26-52 μg/mL). Among the seven compounds, methyl gallate exhibited the strongest broad-spectrum activity against most of the plant pathogenic bacteria tested (MIC = 26-250 μg/mL). In the in vivo experiments, the crude extract of S. baccatum at 2000 and 1000 μg/mL reduced the development of tomato bacterial wilt by 83 and 63%, respectively, under greenhouse conditions after 14 days of infection. The results suggested that the extracts of S. baccatum or isolated tannins could be used as natural bactericides for the control of bacterial wilt of tomato.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sapium baccatum crude extract was highly active against the tomato wilt pathogen.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- crude methanol extract of Sapium baccatume0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- active against Ralstonia solanacearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a crude methanol extract of Sapium baccatum was highly active against Ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial wilt of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven active compounds were isolated from Sapium baccatum extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- seven known active compoundse0
- Value
- sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract resulted in the isolation of seven known active compounds, including gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, tercatain, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Six isolated compounds showed strong activity against R. solanacearum, with MIC 26–52 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- antibacterial activity against R. solanacearume0
- Value
- 26-52 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (MIC = 250 μg/mL), the isolated compounds exhibited strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum (MIC = 26-52 μg/mL)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside had MIC 250 μg/mL against R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 250 μg/mLe0
- Qualifier
- quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (MIC = 250 μg/mL), the isolated compounds exhibited strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum (MIC = 26-52 μg/mL)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl gallate showed the strongest broad spectrum antibacterial activity against tested plant pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- broad-spectrum activity against most of the plant pathogenic bacteria testede0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 26-250 μg/mLe0
- Qualifier
- methyl gallatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methyl gallate exhibited the strongest broad-spectrum activity against most of the plant pathogenic bacteria tested (MIC = 26-250 μg/mL)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sapium baccatum extract at 2000 μg/mL reduced tomato bacterial wilt by 83% in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- crude extract of S. baccatum at 2000e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- development of tomato bacterial wilte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 days of infectione0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude extract of S. baccatum at 2000 and 1000 μg/mL reduced the development of tomato bacterial wilt by 83 and 63%, respectively, under greenhouse conditions after 14 days of infection”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial wilt of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sapium baccatum extract at 1000 μg/mL reduced tomato bacterial wilt by 63% in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 1000 μg/mLe0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- development of tomato bacterial wilte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63%e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 days of infectione0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude extract of S. baccatum at 2000 and 1000 μg/mL reduced the development of tomato bacterial wilt by 83 and 63%, respectively, under greenhouse conditions after 14 days of infection”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial wilt of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose S. baccatum extracts or tannins as natural bactericides against tomato wilt.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- extracts of S. baccatum or isolated tanninse0
- Outcome
- control of bacterial wilt of tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extracts of S. baccatum or isolated tannins could be used as natural bactericides for the control of bacterial wilt of tomato”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.