Paper · 2017 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Microbial inoculation of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria along with inorganic fertilizers for sustainable yield of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]

S. A. Jaybhay; S. P. Taware; Philips Varghese

9
claims
21
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microbial inoculants and inorganic fertilizers for sustaining the yield of soybean. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) gave significantly highest yield (2433 kg ha−1) over 75% RDF (2317 kg ha−1) and without RDF (2205 kg ha−1). Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2480 kg ha−1) gave significantly highest soybean yield over without inoculation (2191 kg ha−1). Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with 100% RDF (2674 kg ha−1) gave significantly highest seed yield than rest of the treatment combinations. Root nodules and their dry weight were remained un-influenced due to fertilizer levels, whereas in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively) followed by dual inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB. 100% RDF and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB earned Rs. 47916/- and Rs. 51182/- net returns per ha, respectively.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Applying 100% RDF gave a significantly higher soybean yield (2433 kg ha−1) than 75% RDF (2317 kg ha−1).

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
higheste1
Value
2433 kg ha−1e1
Qualifier
2317 kg ha−1e1
Comparator
75% RDFe1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) gave significantly highest yield (2433 kg ha−1) over 75% RDF (2317 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 141–273 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Applying 100% RDF gave a significantly higher soybean yield (2433 kg ha−1) than without RDF (2205 kg ha−1).

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
higheste1
Value
2433 kg ha−1e1
Qualifier
2205 kg ha−1e2
Comparator
without RDFe2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) gave significantly highest yield (2433 kg ha−1) over 75% RDF (2317 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 141–273 · show in text ↑
e2

“without RDF (2205 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 278–304 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation with Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria gave a significantly higher soybean yield (2480 kg ha−1) than without inoculation (2191 kg ha−1).

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteriae3
Interactor
Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum)Bradyrhizobium japonicume3symbiont
Second interactor
phosphate-solubilizing bacteriae3symbiont
Outcome
soybean yielde3
Direction
higheste3
Value
2480 kg ha−1e3
Qualifier
2191 kg ha−1e3
Comparator
without inoculatione3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicum · InteractorLouisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2480 kg ha−1) gave significantly highest soybean yield over without inoculation (2191 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 306–496 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with 100% RDF gave a significantly higher seed yield (2674 kg ha−1) than the rest of the treatment combinations.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with 100% RDFe4
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume4symbiont
Second interactor
phosphate-solubilizing bacteriae4symbiont
Outcome
seed yielde4
Direction
higheste4
Value
2674 kg ha−1e4
Comparator
rest of the treatment combinationse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with 100% RDF (2674 kg ha−1) gave significantly highest seed yield than rest of the treatment combinations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–650 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root nodules and their dry weight were not influenced by fertilizer levels.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
fertilizer levelse5
Outcome
Root nodules and their dry weighte5
Direction
un-influencede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Root nodules and their dry weight were remained un-influenced due to fertilizer levels, whereas in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 652–854 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root nodule number was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3) among bio-fertilizers.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Rhizobium inoculatione6
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume6symbiont
Outcome
Root nodulese5
Direction
highere6
Value
24.3e6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Root nodules and their dry weight were remained un-influenced due to fertilizer levels, whereas in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 652–854 · show in text ↑
e6

“in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–854 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root nodule dry weight was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (408 mg) among bio-fertilizers.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Rhizobium inoculatione6
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume6symbiont
Outcome
dry weighte5
Direction
highere6
Value
408 mge6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Root nodules and their dry weight were remained un-influenced due to fertilizer levels, whereas in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 652–854 · show in text ↑
e6

“in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–854 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF gave net returns of Rs. 47916/- per ha.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
100% RDFe7
Outcome
net returns per hae7
Value
Rs. 47916/-e7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“100% RDF and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB earned Rs. 47916/- and Rs. 51182/- net returns per ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 906–1012 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB gave net returns of Rs. 51182/- per ha.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSBe7
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume7symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe7symbiont
Outcome
net returns per hae7
Value
Rs. 51182/-e7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“100% RDF and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB earned Rs. 47916/- and Rs. 51182/- net returns per ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 906–1012 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–162 · show in text ↑

Rhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

92 papers: 83 positive, 9 negative or no effect

82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

88 papers more in this group

See all 92 papers →

Rhizobium · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

46 papers: 45 positive, 1 negative or no effect

44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. positive

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

Rhizobium · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

47 papers: 45 positive, 2 negative or no effect

44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

Bradyrhizobium japonicum · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

61 papers: 54 positive, 7 negative or no effect

53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

57 papers more in this group

See all 61 papers →

fertilization · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

192 papers: 142 positive, 50 negative or no effect

49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 142 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

188 papers more in this group

See all 192 papers →

inoculation · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

310 papers: 265 positive, 45 negative or no effect

264 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

306 papers more in this group

See all 310 papers →

phosphorus · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

355 papers: 303 positive, 52 negative or no effect

302 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

351 papers more in this group

See all 355 papers →

inoculation · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

358 papers: 323 positive, 35 negative or no effect

322 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

354 papers more in this group

See all 358 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.