Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in continuity of our previous study to assess the effect of Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean. Different treatments were i) Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377+S379 i.e. S0, S1, S2, S3); ii) phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100 kg ha−1 i.e. P0, P1, P2). Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop. Results indicated that root and shoot growth increased by RI treatments whether used alone or in combination with P. Rhizobium inoculation increased plant height up to 12% while P did not show significant effect. Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment. Number of nodules increased from 73 in the control to a maximum of 151 in S2 while the number increased from 90 in the control to 147 in P2. Combine application of strains and P increased nodules number from 65 at S0P0 to a maximum of 183 at S2P2. Similar response was also observed for nodules mass. Soybean seed yields ranged between 1710 and 2335 kg ha−1 against 1635 kg ha−1 in the control indicating a maximum of 43% increase over control. Concentration of N and P in plants and their uptake was significantly increased by RI and P. RI also increased the N and protein content of soybean seed. Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of applied P was 10−12% and the agronomic, agrophysiological, recovery, utilization efficiencies, and harvest index of P decreased with increasing P rates. Nodule number significantly correlated with the DM yield (r2 = 0.78) and seed yield (r2 = 0.63) while P uptake significantly correlated with root length (r2 = 0.48) and root mass i.e. dry weight (r2 = 0.65). Also a significant correlation existed between N uptake and DM yield (r2 = 0.98) and N uptake and seed yield (r2 = 0.65), P uptake and DM yield (r2 = 0.73), and P uptake and seed yield (r2 = 0.83). The results of present study indicated a substantial growth and yield potential of soybean under the hilly region and increase in yield and N2 fixing potential (nodulation) can be achieved by applying Rhizobium inoculation with P fertilization.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased plant height up to 12%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Rhizobium inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium inoculation increased plant height up to 12% while P did not show significant effect.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus did not significantly affect plant height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium inoculation increased plant height up to 12% while P did not show significant effect.”
e1“phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased shoot dry weight by 57%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium inoculatione1
- Outcome
- soot dry weighte0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 57 and 22%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus increased shoot dry weight by 22%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- soot dry weighte0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased root length by 42%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RIe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 42 and 7%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus increased root length by 7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased root dry weight by 55%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RIe1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 55 and 25%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus increased root dry weight by 25%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in soot dry weight, root length and root dry weight due to RI and P was 57 and 22%, 42 and 7%, 55 and 25%, respectively, over the control treatment.”
e1“phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
S2 increased nodule number to 151 from 73 in control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- S2e0
- Outcome
- Number of nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 151e0
- Qualifier
- 73e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of nodules increased from 73 in the control to a maximum of 151 in S2”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
e2“Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377+S379 i.e. S0, S1, S2, S3)”
Claim · model-written summary
P2 increased nodule number to 147 from 90 in control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- P2e0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 147e0
- Qualifier
- 90e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number increased from 90 in the control to 147 in P2.”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
S2P2 increased nodule number to 183 from 65 at S0P0.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- S2P2e0
- Outcome
- nodules numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 183e0
- Qualifier
- 65e0
- Comparator
- S0P0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combine application of strains and P increased nodules number from 65 at S0P0 to a maximum of 183 at S2P2.”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
e2“Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377+S379 i.e. S0, S1, S2, S3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule mass showed a similar response to treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- nodules masse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar response was also observed for nodules mass.”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield rose to 2335 kg ha−1, 43% above control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Qualifier
- 2335 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean seed yields ranged between 1710 and 2335 kg ha−1 against 1635 kg ha−1 in the control indicating a maximum of 43% increase over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation and phosphorus significantly increased plant nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RI and Pe0
- Outcome
- Concentration of N and P in plants and their uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of N and P in plants and their uptake was significantly increased by RI and P.”
e1“Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased soybean seed N and protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- N and protein content of soybean seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI also increased the N and protein content of soybean seed.”
e1“Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on growth, yield, nodulation, and P use efficiency of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent recovery efficiency of applied P was 10−12%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of applied Pe0
- Value
- 10−12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of applied P was 10−12%”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
P use efficiencies and harvest index decreased with increasing P rates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- increasing P ratese0
- Outcome
- agronomic, agrophysiological, recovery, utilization efficiencies, and harvest index of Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the agronomic, agrophysiological, recovery, utilization efficiencies, and harvest index of P decreased with increasing P rates.”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule number correlated with dry matter and seed yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- Nodulee0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
- Value
- r2 = 0.78e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodule number significantly correlated with the DM yield (r2 = 0.78) and seed yield (r2 = 0.63)”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
P uptake correlated with root length and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- r2 = 0.48e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P uptake significantly correlated with root length (r2 = 0.48) and root mass i.e. dry weight (r2 = 0.65).”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
N and P uptake correlated significantly with dry matter and seed yields.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also a significant correlation existed between N uptake and DM yield (r2 = 0.98) and N uptake and seed yield (r2 = 0.65), P uptake and DM yield (r2 = 0.73), and P uptake and seed yield (r2 = 0.83).”
e1“Soybean variety NARC-1 was as used as a testing crop.”
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