Abstract
A field experiment, laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications, was conducted at the south edge of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China to evaluate the responses of winter wheat and summer maize to different water saving management practices involving four mulching and irrigation treatments, i.e., plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigation (RF+DI), straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI), Deficit Irrigation (DI), and Conventional Flood Irrigation (CFI). Soil temperature and moisture during the crop growth were monitored in two years. RF+DI treatment significantly increased maize yield, and it also had higher wheat yield than SM+DI treatment. SM+DI treatment increased maize yield; however, it did not increase winter wheat yield. Soil water content in RF+DI and SM+DI treatments was significantly higher than those of CFI or DI treatments. Compared with RF+DI treatment, SM+DI treatment had higher soil water content (0-20 cm); however, it had the lowest heat 741 Degree Days of Soil (DDs) among the four treatments. The low soil temperature in SM+DI plots, especially in early spring, delayed winter wheat growth stages and development, thus reduced grain yield compared with RF+DI treatment. The positive effects of ridge-furrow system on both wheat and maize yield could be explained by harmonizing soil moisture and temperature by this treatment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
RF+DI significantly increased maize yield.
- Treatment
- plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- south edge of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, Chinae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RF+DI treatment significantly increased maize yield”
e1“plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigation (RF+DI)”
e2“south edge of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China”
Claim · model-written summary
RF+DI had higher wheat yield than SM+DI.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- straw mulch combined with deficit irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also had higher wheat yield than SM+DI treatment”
e1“plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigation (RF+DI), straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SM+DI increased maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SM+DI treatment increased maize yield”
e1“straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SM+DI did not increase winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it did not increase winter wheat yield”
e1“straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
RF+DI had significantly higher soil water content than CFI or DI.
- Treatment
- plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Soil water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CFI or DI treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil water content in RF+DI and SM+DI treatments was significantly higher than those of CFI or DI treatments.”
e1“plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigation (RF+DI)”
e2“Deficit Irrigation (DI), and Conventional Flood Irrigation (CFI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SM+DI had significantly higher soil water content than CFI or DI.
- Treatment
- straw mulch combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Soil water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CFI or DI treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil water content in RF+DI and SM+DI treatments was significantly higher than those of CFI or DI treatments.”
e1“straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SM+DI had higher 0–20 cm soil water content than RF+DI.
- Treatment
- straw mulch combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- soil water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 0-20 cme0
- Comparator
- RF+DI treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with RF+DI treatment, SM+DI treatment had higher soil water content (0-20 cm)”
e1“straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
e2“plastic mulch ridge and straw mulch furrow combined with deficit irrigation (RF+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SM+DI had the lowest soil heat accumulation among four treatments, at 741 degree days.
- Treatment
- straw mulch combined with deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- heate0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 741 Degree Days of Soile0
- Comparator
- the four treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“it had the lowest heat 741 Degree Days of Soil (DDs) among the four treatments.”
e1“straw mulch combined with deficit irrigation (SM+DI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low soil temperature in SM+DI plots delayed winter wheat growth stages.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- growth stagese0
- Treatment
- SM+DIe0
- Outcome
- delayed winter wheat growth stages and developmente0
- Qualifier
- low soil temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low soil temperature in SM+DI plots, especially in early spring, delayed winter wheat growth stages and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature associated with SM+DI reduced winter wheat grain yield versus RF+DI.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SM+DIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- low soil temperaturee0
- Comparator
- RF+DI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low soil temperature in SM+DI plots, especially in early spring, delayed winter wheat growth stages and development, thus reduced grain yield compared with RF+DI treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute RF+DI yield benefits in wheat and maize to coordinated soil moisture and temperature.
- Taxon
- wheat and maizeTriticum aestivum
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- ridge-furrow systeme0
- Outcome
- wheat and maize yielde0
- Qualifier
- harmonizing soil moisture and temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive effects of ridge-furrow system on both wheat and maize yield could be explained by harmonizing soil moisture and temperature by this treatment.”
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