Abstract
Thymol has been developed as medicine and food preservative due to its immune-regulatory effect and antimicrobial activity, respectively. However, little is currently known about the role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology. In the present study, we applied biochemical and histochemical approaches to investigate thymol-induced tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings against Cd (cadmium) stress. Thymol at 20 μM recovered root growth completely upon CdCl 2 exposure. Thymol pronouncedly decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell death, and Cd 2+ accumulation in roots. Pharmaceutical experiments suggested that endogenous NO mediated Cd-induced phytotoxicity. Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation by suppressing the activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) in root. The application of NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) resulted in the increase in endogenous NO level, which in turn compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity. Such findings may helpful to illustrate the novel role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology, which may be applicable to improve crop stress tolerance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol at 20 μM completely recovered root growth of rice seedlings under CdCl2 exposure.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Thymol at 20 μMe2
- Outcome
- root growthe2
- Direction
- recoverede2
- Qualifier
- completelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e2“Thymol at 20 μM recovered root growth completely upon CdCl 2 exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury and cell death in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- Thymole3
- Outcome
- ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell deathe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e3“Thymol pronouncedly decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell death, and Cd 2+ accumulation in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol decreased Cd2+ accumulation in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- Thymole3
- Outcome
- Cd 2+ accumulatione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e3“Thymol pronouncedly decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell death, and Cd 2+ accumulation in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- Thymole4
- Gene
- NOS (nitric oxide synthase)e4
- Outcome
- NO accumulatione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e4“Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation by suppressing the activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) in root”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol suppressed the activity of NOS and NR in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- Thymole4
- Outcome
- activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase)e4
- Direction
- suppressinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e4“Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation by suppressing the activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) in root”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO donor SNP increased endogenous NO level in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside)e5
- Outcome
- endogenous NO levele5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e5“The application of NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) resulted in the increase in endogenous NO level, which in turn compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO donor SNP compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside)e5
- Outcome
- alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicitye5
- Direction
- compromisede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e5“The application of NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) resulted in the increase in endogenous NO level, which in turn compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous NO appears to mediate Cd-induced phytotoxicity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- endogenous NOe6
- Outcome
- Cd-induced phytotoxicitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings”
e6“endogenous NO mediated Cd-induced phytotoxicity”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide donor · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
sodium nitroprusside · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
sodium nitroprusside · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →thymol · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.