Abstract
Hydroponic culture containing 200 mM NaCl was used to induce oxidative stress in seedlings of cultivars initially primed with 1 mM SNP and 10 µM ABA. Exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP – a nitric oxide donor) and abscisic acid (ABA) was well sensitized more in cv. Swarna Sub1 than cv. Swarna and also reflected in different cellular responses. The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential, and decreasing the compatible solutes like alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glycine betaine. The accumulated polyamines were reduced more in cv. Swarna with a concomitant decrease in photosynthetic reserves. NADP-malic enzyme activity, sucrose accumulation, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities gradually declined under NaCl stress and the catabolizing enzymes like invertase (both wall and cytosolic forms) also declined. On the contrary, plants suffered from oxidative stress through superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and their biosynthetic enzymes like NADP(H) oxidase. Moderation of Na+/K+ by both SNP and ABA were correlated with other salt sensitivities in the plants. The maximum effects of SNP and ABA were found in the recovery of antioxidation pathways, osmotic tolerance, and carbohydrate metabolism. Findings predict the efficacy of SNP and ABA either independently or cumulatively in overcoming NaCl toxicity in rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SNP and ABA sensitized cv. Swarna Sub1 more than cv. Swarna, with different cellular responses.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- cv. Swarna Sub1e1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP – a nitric oxide donor) and abscisic acid (ABA)e1
- Outcome
- was well sensitizede1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- cv. Swarnae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e1“Exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP – a nitric oxide donor) and abscisic acid (ABA) was well sensitized more in cv. Swarna Sub1 than cv. Swarna”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered relative water content and osmotic potential irrespective of cultivar.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- relative water content and osmotic potentiale2
- Direction
- loweringe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased the compatible solutes alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- compatible solutes like alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glycine betainee3
- Direction
- decreasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
e3“decreasing the compatible solutes like alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glycine betaine”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced accumulated polyamines more in cv. Swarna.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cv. Swarnae4
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- accumulated polyaminese4
- Direction
- reduced moree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
e4“The accumulated polyamines were reduced more in cv. Swarna with a concomitant decrease in photosynthetic reserves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity was accompanied by a decrease in photosynthetic reserves.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic reservese4
- Direction
- decreasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
e4“The accumulated polyamines were reduced more in cv. Swarna with a concomitant decrease in photosynthetic reserves”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress gradually declined NADP-malic enzyme activity, sucrose accumulation and ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse5
- Outcome
- NADP-malic enzyme activity, sucrose accumulation, ascorbate peroxidasee5
- Direction
- gradually declinede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e5“NADP-malic enzyme activity, sucrose accumulation, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities gradually declined under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress gradually declined glutathione S-transferase activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse5
- Outcome
- glutathione S-transferase activitiese5
- Direction
- gradually declinede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e5“NADP-malic enzyme activity, sucrose accumulation, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities gradually declined under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity also declined invertase activity (wall and cytosolic forms).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- invertase (both wall and cytosolic forms)e6
- Direction
- also declinede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
e6“the catabolizing enzymes like invertase (both wall and cytosolic forms) also declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and their biosynthetic enzymes such as NADP(H) oxidase, causing oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and their biosynthetic enzymes like NADP(H) oxidasee7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e2“The major effects of salinity, irrespective of the cultivar, were lowering the water relation, including relative water content and osmotic potential”
e7“On the contrary, plants suffered from oxidative stress through superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and their biosynthetic enzymes like NADP(H) oxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderation of Na+/K+ by SNP and ABA was correlated with other salt sensitivities in the plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP and ABAe1
- Outcome
- Na+/K+e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e1“Moderation of Na+/K+ by both SNP and ABA were correlated with other salt sensitivities in the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and ABA had their maximum effects on recovery of antioxidation pathways, osmotic tolerance and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP and ABAe1
- Outcome
- recovery of antioxidation pathways, osmotic tolerance, and carbohydrate metabolisme1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e1“The maximum effects of SNP and ABA were found in the recovery of antioxidation pathways, osmotic tolerance, and carbohydrate metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and ABA, alone or together, are predicted to overcome NaCl toxicity in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP and ABAe1
- Outcome
- in overcoming NaCl toxicitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotype”
e1“Findings predict the efficacy of SNP and ABA either independently or cumulatively in overcoming NaCl toxicity in rice”
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See all 66 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.