Abstract
Arsenic (As) occurs naturally in the environment, and is present in all edible and nonedible plant tissues. Plants have multiple mechanisms to prevent plant injury by heavy metals such as As. These same mechanisms could be used to reduce accumulation of As in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grains. From previous study of 1765 international rice accessions, specific accessions were identified as having exceptionally high grain As concentrations (grain As accumulators) and others low grain As (grain As excluders). This study investigated As uptake, transport, and metabolism in six previously identified lines to determine which physiological responses, if any, were associated with accumulation or exclusion of As in grains. Hydroponically grown seedlings were treated with 0 (controls) or 100 μM arsenite [As(III)], and then whole seedlings were analyzed for concentrations of As plus key compounds involved in heavy metal metabolism. Both grain accumulators and grain excluders actively concentrated As within their roots, and both groups had 10‐fold higher As concentrations in roots than leaves. In response to As(III), roots of both grain excluders and grain accumulators increased in cysteine and phytochelatin (PC) production, which suggests PC sequestration of As. In contrast, only grain excluders doubled in leaf glutathione (GSH) concentration by 72 h after As(III) addition. Because PC concentrations remained constant in leaves, it appears that the additional leaf GSH in the grain excluders was not used to produce more PC but may instead be forming As‐GSH adducts, which also aid in As sequestration.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Both rice grain accumulators and excluders concentrated arsenic in roots.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- grain accumulators and grain excluderse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- concentrated As within their rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both grain accumulators and grain excluders actively concentrated As within their roots”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both rice groups had tenfold higher arsenic concentrations in roots than leaves.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- As concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10‐folde0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both groups had 10‐fold higher As concentrations in roots than leaves.”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenite exposure increased root cysteine production in both rice groups.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- grain excluders and grain accumulatorse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- As(III)e0
- Outcome
- cysteinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to As(III), roots of both grain excluders and grain accumulators increased in cysteine and phytochelatin (PC) production”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenite exposure increased root phytochelatin production in both rice groups.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- grain excluders and grain accumulatorse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- As(III)e0
- Outcome
- phytochelatin (PC) productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to As(III), roots of both grain excluders and grain accumulators increased in cysteine and phytochelatin (PC) production”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only rice grain excluders doubled leaf glutathione concentration by 72 hours after arsenite addition.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- grain excluderse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- As(III) additione0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) concentratione0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
- Qualifier
- by 72 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only grain excluders doubled in leaf glutathione (GSH) concentration by 72 h after As(III) addition.”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phytochelatin concentration remained constant after arsenite addition.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- PC concentrationse0
- Direction
- remained constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PC concentrations remained constant in leaves”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest root phytochelatin sequesters arsenic.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- PC sequestration of Ase0
- Qualifier
- PC sequestration of Ase0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which suggests PC sequestration of As.”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest additional leaf glutathione in excluders may form arsenic-glutathione adducts for sequestration.
- Taxon
- rice ( Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- grain excluderse0
- Outcome
- As‐GSH adductse0
- Qualifier
- As sequestratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the additional leaf GSH in the grain excluders was not used to produce more PC but may instead be forming As‐GSH adducts, which also aid in As sequestration.”
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.