Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biostimulants have recently gained increased attention due to their multiple benefits for sustainable agriculture. In this study, three food processing by-products - fennel processing residues (FPR), lemon processing residues (LPR) and brewer's spent grain (BSG) - were investigated as potential sources of biostimulants. Their aqueous extracts as individual and associated applications were assessed for their effects on agronomic, quality and metabolic performance of organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL). RESULTS: Only FPR extracts stimulated shoot growth and tomato dry matter content, whereas all candidates improved tomato yield. FPR and BSG increased fruit mineral content and BSG-FPR-LPR in combination enhanced titratable acidity. FPR-treated fruits had also 20% more vitamin C than CTRL, and higher phenol content was obtained in those of BSG-LPR. Fruit metabolomic profile showed the tendency of all extracts, except BSG-LPR, to increase tomato citric acid and to decrease β-glucose and methanol concentrations. The analysis revealed accordingly the indispensable role of FPR in combined applications for inducing an HS-like response in fruits. CONCLUSION: The results were indicative of the biostimulant activity of these extracts and demonstrated them, particularly FPR, as promising candidates for enhancing plant productivity and fruit quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
FPR extracts stimulated tomato shoot growth and dry matter.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- FPR extractse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth and tomato dry matter contente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only FPR extracts stimulated shoot growth and tomato dry matter content”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
All candidate extracts improved tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all candidatese0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all candidates improved tomato yield”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
e2“fennel processing residues (FPR), lemon processing residues (LPR) and brewer's spent grain (BSG)”
Claim · model-written summary
FPR increased fruit mineral content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- FPRe0
- Outcome
- fruit mineral contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FPR and BSG increased fruit mineral content”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
BSG increased fruit mineral content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BSGe0
- Outcome
- fruit mineral contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FPR and BSG increased fruit mineral content”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BSG-FPR-LPR combination enhanced fruit titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BSG-FPR-LPR in combinatione0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSG-FPR-LPR in combination enhanced titratable acidity”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
FPR-treated fruit had 20% more vitamin C than control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- FPR-treatede0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- CTRLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FPR-treated fruits had also 20% more vitamin C than CTRL”
e1“organic tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BSG-LPR increased fruit phenol content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BSG-LPRe0
- Outcome
- phenol contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher phenol content was obtained in those of BSG-LPR”
e1“organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts other than BSG-LPR tended to increase tomato citric acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all extracts, except BSG-LPRe0
- Outcome
- tomato citric acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all extracts, except BSG-LPR, to increase tomato citric acid”
e1“untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts other than BSG-LPR tended to decrease β-glucose.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all extracts, except BSG-LPRe0
- Outcome
- β-glucosee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all extracts, except BSG-LPR, to increase tomato citric acid and to decrease β-glucose and methanol concentrations”
e1“untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts other than BSG-LPR tended to decrease methanol.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all extracts, except BSG-LPRe0
- Outcome
- methanol concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- untreated control (CTRL)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all extracts, except BSG-LPR, to increase tomato citric acid and to decrease β-glucose and methanol concentrations”
e1“untreated control (CTRL)”
Claim · model-written summary
FPR was needed in combinations to induce an HS-like fruit response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- FPR in combined applicationse0
- Outcome
- HS-like response in fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indispensable role of FPR in combined applications for inducing an HS-like response in fruits”
e1“organic tomato”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · quality: grain · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 6 papers →botanical · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.