Abstract
Common ragweed emerges early in the season in Nebraska, USA and is competitive with soybean; therefore, preplant herbicides are important for effective control. Glyphosate has been used as a preplant control option; however, confirmation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) common ragweed in Nebraska necessitates evaluating other herbicide options. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of preplant (PP) herbicides followed by (fb) glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor applied post-emergence (POST) for control of GR common ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean; (2) their effect on common ragweed density, biomass, and soybean yield; and (3) the partial economics of herbicide programs. A field experiment was conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR common ragweed in Gage County, Nebraska, USA in 2015 and 2016. Preplant herbicide programs containing glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, dimethenamid-P, cloransulam-methyl, or high rates of flumioxazin plus chlorimuron-ethyl provided 90 to 99% control of common ragweed at 21 d after treatment (DAT). The aforementioned PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest, reduced common ragweed density (≤ 20 plants m─2) and biomass by ≥ 93%, and secured soybean yield 1,819 to 2,158 kg ha─1. The PP fb POST herbicide programs resulted in the highest gross profit margins (US$373 to US$506) compared to PP alone (US$91) or PRE fb POST programs (US$158). The results of this study conclude that effective and economical control of GR common ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean is achievable with PP fb POST herbicide programs.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant herbicide programs with glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, dimethenamid-P, cloransulam-methyl or high-rate flumioxazin plus chlorimuron-ethyl gave 90 to 99% control of common ragweed at 21 d after treatment.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Preplant herbicide programs containing glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, dimethenamid-P, cloransulam-methyl, or high rates of flumioxazin plus chlorimuron-ethyle1
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae1weed - Outcome
- control of common ragweede1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 90 to 99%e1
- Qualifier
- at 21 d after treatment (DAT)e1
- Setting
- Gage County, Nebraska, USAe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e1“Preplant herbicide programs containing glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, dimethenamid-P, cloransulam-methyl, or high rates of flumioxazin plus chlorimuron-ethyl provided 90 to 99% control of common ragweed at 21 d after treatment (DAT).”
e2“A field experiment was conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR common ragweed in Gage County, Nebraska, USA in 2015 and 2016”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant herbicides followed by postemergence glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlore3
- Interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae3weed
- Outcome
- controlled GR common ragweede3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 84 to 98%e3
- Qualifier
- at soybean harveste3
- Setting
- Gage County, Nebraska, USAe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e3“The aforementioned PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest”
e2“A field experiment was conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR common ragweed in Gage County, Nebraska, USA in 2015 and 2016”
Claim · model-written summary
The same preplant followed by postemergence programs reduced common ragweed density to 20 plants m-2 or fewer.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlore3
- Interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae4weed
- Outcome
- common ragweed densitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- ≤ 20 plants m─2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e3“The aforementioned PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest”
e4“reduced common ragweed density (≤ 20 plants m─2) and biomass by ≥ 93%”
Claim · model-written summary
The same preplant followed by postemergence programs reduced common ragweed biomass by 93% or more.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlore3
- Interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae4weed
- Outcome
- biomasse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- ≥ 93%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e3“The aforementioned PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest”
e4“reduced common ragweed density (≤ 20 plants m─2) and biomass by ≥ 93%”
Claim · model-written summary
The preplant followed by postemergence programs secured soybean yield of 1,819 to 2,158 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlore3
- Outcome
- soybean yielde5
- Value
- 1,819 to 2,158 kg ha─1e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e3“The aforementioned PP herbicides fb a POST application of glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with imazethapyr, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor controlled GR common ragweed 84 to 98% at soybean harvest”
e5“secured soybean yield 1,819 to 2,158 kg ha─1”
Claim · model-written summary
The preplant followed by postemergence programs gave the highest gross profit margins (US$373 to US$506), above preplant alone (US$91) and PRE followed by POST programs (US$158).
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP fb POST herbicide programse6
- Outcome
- gross profit marginse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- US$373 to US$506e6
- Qualifier
- PRE fb POST programs (US$158)e6
- Comparator
- PP alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]”
e6“The PP fb POST herbicide programs resulted in the highest gross profit margins (US$373 to US$506) compared to PP alone (US$91) or PRE fb POST programs (US$158)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective and economical control of GR common ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean is achievable with preplant followed by postemergence herbicide programs.
Verbatim
e7“The results of this study conclude that effective and economical control of GR common ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean is achievable with PP fb POST herbicide programs”
The same questions in other papers
glufosinate · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →acetochlor · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →dimethenamid-P · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
flumioxazin · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
glufosinate · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
cloransulam-methyl · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Imazethapyr · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.