Abstract
Insect populations and damage in three plantings (early, mid-, and late-season) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic sweet corn were compared to a non-transgenic isoline at Charleston, SC, during 2000. The transgenic corn was expressing the crylA(b) gene from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. No fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were present in the early-planted crop, and numbers of corn earworms, Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie), were significantly reduced in the Bt-transgenic corn compared to the non-Bt isoline. The non-Bt isoline had 65% H. zea infested ears compared to only 10% ears from the Bt-transgenic line. Damage and numbers of H. zea and S. frugiperda also were significantly higher in the non-Bt sweet corn planted in mid- and late-season plantings. Percent damaged ears by H. zea was 77% in the non-transgenic sweet corn and 21% in the Bt-sweet corn during the mid-season crop. In the late-planted crop, populations of H. zea averaged 15 per 120 ears in the non-BT isoline compared to less than 2 per 120 ears in the Bt-transgenic crop. Whorl damage by fall armyworms significantly reduced plant height in both mid-season and late-season non-transgenic crops but not in Bt-transgenic sweet corn. Numbers of other insects and spiders were low and not significantly different between the two treatments. Bt transformed sweet corn will play a major role in reducing populations of H. zea, S. frugiperda and limiting pesticides in this crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
No fall armyworms were present in early-planted corn.
- Taxon
- Sweet Cornt0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- No fall armywormse0
- Qualifier
- early-planted crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“No fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were present in the early-planted crop”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt corn significantly reduced corn earworm numbers in the early planting.
Verbatim
e0“numbers of corn earworms, Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie), were significantly reduced in the Bt-transgenic corn compared to the non-Bt isoline”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
H. zea infested 65% of non-Bt ears versus 10% of Bt ears.
Verbatim
e0“The non-Bt isoline had 65% H. zea infested ears compared to only 10% ears from the Bt-transgenic line.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
H. zea damage and numbers were significantly higher in non-Bt mid- and late-season corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- non-Bt sweet corne0
- Interactor
- H. zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Damage and numbers of H. zeae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Damage and numbers of H. zea and S. frugiperda also were significantly higher in the non-Bt sweet corn planted in mid- and late-season plantings.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. frugiperda damage and numbers were significantly higher in non-Bt mid- and late-season corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- non-Bt sweet corne0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- Damage and numbers of H. zea and S. frugiperdae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage and numbers of H. zea and S. frugiperda also were significantly higher in the non-Bt sweet corn planted in mid- and late-season plantings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season H. zea ear damage was 77% in nontransgenic and 21% in Bt corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- Bt-sweet corne0
- Interactor
- H. zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Percent damaged ears by H. zeae0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 77%e0
- Comparator
- non-transgenic sweet corne0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Percent damaged ears by H. zea was 77% in the non-transgenic sweet corn and 21% in the Bt-sweet corn during the mid-season crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-planted H. zea populations averaged fewer than 2 per 120 ears in Bt corn versus 15 per 120 ears in non-Bt corn.
- Treatment
- Bt-transgenic crope0
- Interactor
- H. zeae0pest
- Outcome
- populations of H. zeae0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 2 per 120 earse0
- Qualifier
- 15 per 120 earse0
- Comparator
- non-BT isolinee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In the late-planted crop, populations of H. zea averaged 15 per 120 ears in the non-BT isoline compared to less than 2 per 120 ears in the Bt-transgenic crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm whorl damage significantly reduced plant height in mid- and late-season nontransgenic crops, but not Bt corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Interactor
- fall armywormsSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- mid-season and late-season non-transgenic cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whorl damage by fall armyworms significantly reduced plant height in both mid-season and late-season non-transgenic crops but not in Bt-transgenic sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other insect and spider numbers were low and did not significantly differ between treatments.
- Taxon
- Sweet Cornt0
- Outcome
- Numbers of other insects and spiderse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“Numbers of other insects and spiders were low and not significantly different between the two treatments.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect Bt sweet corn to reduce H. zea and S. frugiperda populations and limit pesticide use.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Interactor
- H. zeae0pest
- Second interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- reducing populations of H. zea, S. frugiperda and limiting pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bt transformed sweet corn will play a major role in reducing populations of H. zea, S. frugiperda and limiting pesticides in this crop.”
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