Abstract
The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae. Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB). Cd had higher negative effects than Zn. P792 was comparatively more metal sensitive and displayed higher reductions than Sel 85N. Application of Zn decreased Cd uptake and reduced the phytotoxic effects of Cd. Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability; enhanced nutrient pool [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)]; and boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of Cd and Zn in pigeonpea nodules caused membrane destabilization and nutrient imbalance.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Cd and Zne1
- Outcome
- membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalancee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e1“Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd and Zn accumulation in pigeonpea nodules increased antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Cd and Zne1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX)e1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e1“Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd and Zn accumulation in pigeonpea nodules increased glutathione reductase activity.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Cd and Zne1
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e1“Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd and Zn accumulation in pigeonpea nodules increased osmoprotectants total free amino acids, total soluble sugars and proline.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Cd and Zne1
- Compound
- total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), prolinee1
- Outcome
- osmoprotectantse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e1“Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd and Zn accumulation in pigeonpea nodules increased glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Cd and Zne1
- Compound
- glycine betaine (GB)e1
- Outcome
- osmoprotectantse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e1“Findings demonstrated that accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in membrane destabilization, nutrient imbalance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR)], and osmoprotectants such as total free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine (GB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd had more negative effects on pigeonpea than Zn.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e2“Cd had higher negative effects than Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype P792 was more metal sensitive than Sel 85N and showed higher reductions.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Material
- P792e3
- Outcome
- reductionse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- more metal sensitivee3
- Comparator
- Sel 85Ne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e3“P792 was comparatively more metal sensitive and displayed higher reductions than Sel 85N”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Zn decreased Cd uptake in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Application of Zne4
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e4“Application of Zn decreased Cd uptake and reduced the phytotoxic effects of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Zn reduced the phytotoxic effects of Cd on pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Application of Zne4
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effects of Cde4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e4“Application of Zn decreased Cd uptake and reduced the phytotoxic effects of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn1000 with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseaee5
- Interactor
- F. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee5symbiont - Outcome
- nodular membrane stabilitye5
- Direction
- restorede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e5“Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability; enhanced nutrient pool [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)]; and boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn1000 with F. mosseae enhanced the nutrient pool of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in pigeonpea nodules.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseaee5
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee5symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient poole5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e5“Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability; enhanced nutrient pool [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)]; and boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn1000 with F. mosseae enhanced the nutrient pool of magnesium and iron in pigeonpea nodules.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseaee5
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee5symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient poole5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e5“Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability; enhanced nutrient pool [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)]; and boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn1000 with F. mosseae boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseaee5
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee5symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesise5
- Direction
- boostede5
- Qualifier
- in a genotype-dependent mannere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intent of the experiments was to analyze impact of cadmium (Cd) and/or zinc (Zn) on membrane functionality, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant defense, and osmolyte accumulation in nodules of two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Sel 85N and P792) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae”
e5“Zn1000 in combination with F. mosseae restored nodular membrane stability; enhanced nutrient pool [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)]; and boosted antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte synthesis in a genotype-dependent manner”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
zinc atom · nutrient: content · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.