Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is widely prevalent and causes Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) in Basmati rice grown in different areas of Pakistan. There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of BLB and to increase the yield of Super Basmati rice variety. Out of 512 bacteria isolated from the rice rhizosphere and screened for plant growth promoting determinants, the isolate BRp3 was found to be the best as it solubilized 97 µg/ mL phosphorus, produced 30µg/ mL phytohormone indole acetic acid and 15 mg/ L siderophores in vitro. The isolate BRp3 was found to be a Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (accession no. HQ840693. This bacterium showed antagonism in vitro against different phytopathogens including Xoo and Fusarium spp. Strain BRp3 showed consistent pathogen suppression of different strains of BLB pathogen in rice. Mass spectrometric analysis detected the production of siderophores (1-hydroxy-phenazine,pyocyanin and pyochellin), rhamnolipids and a series of already characterized 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) as well as novel 2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-alkylquinolines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-2-alkylquinolines in crude extract of BRp3. These secondary metabolites might be responsible for the profound antibacterial activity of BRp3 against Xoo pathogen. Another contributing factor towards the suppression of the pathogen was the induction of defense related enzymes in the rice plant by the inoculated strain BRp3. When used as an inoculant in a field trial, this strain enhanced the grain and straw yields by 51% and 55%, respectively, over non-inoculated control. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) used in combination with immunofluorescence marker confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3 in the rice rhizosphere under sterilized as well as field conditions. The results provide evidence that novel secondary metabolites produced by BRp3 may contribute to its activity as a biological control agent against Xoo and its potential to promote the growth and yield of Super Basmati rice. Key words: Xanthomonas oryzae, Super Basmati, mass spectroscopy, HAQ, CLSM, BLB.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 solubilized phosphorus in vitro.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- BRp3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Value
- 97 µg/ mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“the isolate BRp3 was found to be the best as it solubilized 97 µg/ mL phosphorus”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 produced indole acetic acid in vitro.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BRp3t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phytohormone indole acetic acide0
- Value
- 30µg/ mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“produced 30µg/ mL phytohormone indole acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 produced siderophores in vitro.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BRp3t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- siderophorese0
- Value
- 15 mg/ Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“15 mg/ L siderophores in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Pseudomonas aeruginosae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“The isolate BRp3 was found to be a Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 antagonized Xoo and Fusarium spp. in vitro.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonism in vitroe0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“This bacterium showed antagonism in vitro against different phytopathogens including Xoo and Fusarium spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 consistently suppressed BLB pathogen strains in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Strain BRp3e0
- Interactor
- BLB pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BRp3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pathogen suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“Strain BRp3 showed consistent pathogen suppression of different strains of BLB pathogen in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 crude extract contained identified siderophores, rhamnolipids and quinolines.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BRp3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- production of siderophorese0
- Qualifier
- rhamnolipids and a series of already characterized 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) as well as novel 2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-alkylquinolines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-2-alkylquinolinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“Mass spectrometric analysis detected the production of siderophores (1-hydroxy-phenazine,pyocyanin and pyochellin), rhamnolipids and a series of already characterized 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) as well as novel 2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-alkylquinolines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-2-alkylquinolines in crude extract of BRp3.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated BRp3 induced defense enzymes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculated strain BRp3e0
- Interactor
- BRp3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- defense related enzymese0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“induction of defense related enzymes in the rice plant by the inoculated strain BRp3”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 inoculation increased grain yield by 51% against control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculante0
- Interactor
- BRp3t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
- Setting
- field triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“When used as an inoculant in a field trial, this strain enhanced the grain and straw yields by 51% and 55%, respectively, over non-inoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
BRp3 inoculation increased straw yield by 55% against control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculante0
- Interactor
- BRp3t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
- Setting
- field triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“When used as an inoculant in a field trial, this strain enhanced the grain and straw yields by 51% and 55%, respectively, over non-inoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Microscopy confirmed BRp3 in rice rhizosphere under sterilized and field conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3 in the rice rhizospheree0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3”
e0“confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3 in the rice rhizosphere under sterilized as well as field conditions”
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