Abstract
A field investigation was conducted during Kharif season of 2014 and 2015 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of integrated weed management on weed flora, yield and economics of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS. Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2, number of grains/panicle and test weight. Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS statistically influenced the grain and straw yields and harvest index over all other treatments except hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS. Highest net return (43790.76) and benefit: cost ratio (2.15) was also observed under penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb1 HW at 35 DAS.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Echinocloa colona density by 7.27% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Echinocloa crus-galli density by 6.58% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Cynodon dactylon density by 7.57% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylone0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7.57%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Cyperus iria density by 8.01% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Cyperus iria
.jpg?width=60)
Cyperus iriae0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.01%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Cyperus difformis density by 8.26% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Cyperus difformis
Cyperus difformise0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.26%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Fimbristylis miliacea density by 8.67% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Fimbristylis miliacea
Fimbristylis quinquangularise0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.67%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Ammannia baccifera density by 10.12% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Ammannia baccifera
.jpg?width=60)
Ammannia bacciferae0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10.12%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced Caesulia axillaris density by 10.10% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- Caesulia axillaris
.jpg?width=60)
Caesulia axillarise0weed - Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10.10%e0
- Comparator
- penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced other weeds density by 11.72% versus the later penoxsulam treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS reduced weed density of various weed flora, viz. Echinocloa colona (7.27%), Echinocloa crus-galli (6.58%), Cynodon dactylon (7.57%) among grasses; Cyperus iria (8.01%), Cyperus difformis (8.26%) and Fimbristylis miliacea (8.67%) among sedges and Ammannia baccifera (10.12%) and Caesulia axillaris (10.10%) among broad-leaved weeds besides other weeds (11.72%) in comparison to penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS improved plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2, number of grains/panicle and test weight.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS improved leaf area index and chlorophyll content.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2, number of grains/panicle and test weight.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS improved panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2, number of grains/panicle and test weight.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS improved number of grains/panicle and test weight.
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, number of panicles/m2, number of grains/panicle and test weight.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The early penoxsulam treatment influenced grain and straw yields and harvest index versus other treatments except hand weeding.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yields and harvest indexe0
- Comparator
- all other treatments except hand weeding at 15 and 35 DASe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 35 DAS statistically influenced the grain and straw yields and harvest index over all other treatments except hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment had the highest net return, 43790.76.
Verbatim
e0“Highest net return (43790.76) and benefit: cost ratio (2.15) was also observed under penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb1 HW at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment had the highest benefit: cost ratio, 2.15.
Verbatim
e0“Highest net return (43790.76) and benefit: cost ratio (2.15) was also observed under penoxsulam 35 g/ha at 10 DAS fb1 HW at 35 DAS.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
The same questions in other papers
Penoxsulam · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
74 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →Penoxsulam · Ammannia baccifera · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Penoxsulam · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
76 papers more in this group
See all 80 papers →Penoxsulam · Cyperus difformis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · Cyperus iria · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
herbicide · Cyperus difformis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
herbicide · Fimbristylis quinquangularis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →herbicide · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
578 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
599 papers more in this group
See all 603 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.