Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Chiplima, Odisha, to evaluate acetolactate synthase herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium @ 20 g/ha, penoxsulam @ 22.5 g/ha, chlorimuron + metsulfuron @ 4 g/ha in sole as well as in combination with 2, 4-D ethyl ester @ 200 g/ha, effectively controlled Marsilea quadrifolia L., Ludwigia perennis L. and Ammnia baccifera L. Weeds reduced the grain yield of rice by 37.6%. Application of 2, 4-D ethyl ester alone was not effective against grassy weeds and aquatic fern (Marsilea quadrifolia L.) and bispyribac, penoxsulam and chlorimuron + metsulfuron were not much effective against Ammania baccifera and Cyperus difformis L. However, 2, 4-D ethyl ester in combination with bispyribac or penoxsulam was comparable to weed-free treatment in reducing the weed density. Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis. This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence bispyribac sodium, penoxsulam and chlorimuron + metsulfuron, alone or with 2,4-D ethyl ester, effectively controlled Marsilea quadrifolia, Ludwigia perennis and Ammannia baccifera in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- bispyribac sodium @ 20 g/ha, penoxsulam @ 22.5 g/ha, chlorimuron + metsulfuron @ 4 g/hae1
- Interactor
- Marsilea quadrifolia
Marsilea quadrifoliae1weed - Second interactor
- Ludwigia perennis
.jpg?width=60)
Ludwigia perennise1weed - Outcome
- effectively controllede1
- Direction
- effectively controllede1
- Qualifier
- Ammnia bacciferae1
- Setting
- Chiplima, Odishae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Chiplima, Odisha”
e1“Post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium @ 20 g/ha, penoxsulam @ 22.5 g/ha, chlorimuron + metsulfuron @ 4 g/ha in sole as well as in combination with 2, 4-D ethyl ester @ 200 g/ha, effectively controlled Marsilea quadrifolia L., Ludwigia perennis L. and Ammnia baccifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 2,4-D ethyl ester alone was not effective against grassy weeds and Marsilea quadrifolia in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Application of 2, 4-D ethyl ester alonee2
- Interactor
- Marsilea quadrifoliaMarsilea quadrifoliae2weed
- Second interactor
- grassy weedse2weed
- Outcome
- grassy weeds and aquatic fern (Marsilea quadrifolia L.)e2
- Direction
- not effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e2“Application of 2, 4-D ethyl ester alone was not effective against grassy weeds and aquatic fern (Marsilea quadrifolia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac sodium, penoxsulam and chlorimuron + metsulfuron were not much effective against Ammania baccifera and Cyperus difformis in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac, penoxsulam and chlorimuron + metsulfurone3
- Interactor
- Ammania baccifera
.jpg?width=60)
Ammannia bacciferae3weed - Second interactor
- Cyperus difformis
Cyperus difformise3weed - Outcome
- Ammania bacciferae3
- Direction
- not much effectivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e3“bispyribac, penoxsulam and chlorimuron + metsulfuron were not much effective against Ammania baccifera and Cyperus difformis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D ethyl ester with bispyribac or penoxsulam was comparable to the weed-free treatment in reducing weed density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D ethyl ester in combination with bispyribac or penoxsulame4
- Outcome
- weed densitye4
- Direction
- comparablee4
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e4“2, 4-D ethyl ester in combination with bispyribac or penoxsulam was comparable to weed-free treatment in reducing the weed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank-mix bispyribac sodium with 2,4-D ethyl ester was the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Second interactor
- Ammania bacciferaAmmannia bacciferae5weed
- Outcome
- minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania bacciferae5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
CyperusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank-mix bispyribac sodium with 2,4-D ethyl ester gave total control of Echinochloa spp. in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Interactor
- Echinochloa spp.
Echinochloae5weed - Second interactor
- Marsilea quadrifoliaMarsilea quadrifoliae5weed
- Outcome
- total control of Echinochloa spp.e5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
- Qualifier
- Ludwigia perennise5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank-mix treatment gave the minimum total weed density, 8.1/m2, in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Outcome
- total weed densitye6
- Direction
- minimume6
- Value
- 8.1/m2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
e6“This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank-mix treatment gave weed biomass of 11.1 g/m2, comparable to the weed-free condition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Outcome
- biomasse6
- Direction
- comparablee6
- Value
- 11.1 g/m2e6
- Comparator
- weedfree conditione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
e6“This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank-mix treatment gave the highest rice grain yield, 5.97 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 5.97 t/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
e6“This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank-mix treatment gave the highest net returns, 51.8 × 10^3 per ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 51.8 × 103 /hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
e6“This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank-mix treatment gave the highest benefit:cost ratio, 1.4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha)e5
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 1.4e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides with 2, 4-D ethyl ester on complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)”
e5“Tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with 2, 4-D ethyl ester (20 + 200 g/ha) proved the most effective in minimizing Cyperus spp. and Ammania baccifera along with total control of Echinochloa spp., Marsilea quadrifolia and Ludwigia perennis”
e6“This treatment also resulted in the minimum total weed density (8.1/m2), biomass (11.1 g/m2) comparable to weedfree condition and the highest grain yield (5.97 t/ha), net returns (51.8 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.4)”
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See all 153 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.