Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient on the growth and development for maize (Zea Mays L.). And the developed root morphology and root activity have great significance to nutrient absorption and play an important role in the growth and development of plants. To explore the response to K-deficiency on root growth and nutrient absorption of maize, two inbred lines, 90-21-3 (Tolerance to K deficiency) and D937 (Sensitive to K deficiency) were carried out to investigate the root morphology, root activity, nutrient uptake and related traits. The results showed that K-deficiency inhibited the root growth of 90-21-3 and D937, but increased the ratio of root to shoot (R/S). The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency, especially the fine root (0 - 0.4 mm) in root length and root surface area. In addition, the K concentration of root in the two lines was significantly decreased, but root activity was significantly improved, which promoted the absorption of the root system to Na+. Compared with D937, 90-21-3 was able to distribute more carbohydrates from shoot to the root system under K deficiency, alleviating the inhibition of root growth. The fine root system was the main part for absorption nutrient. The length and surface area of 90-12-3 were no difference, and significantly decreased by 12.90% and 17.65% in D937 after 5 d of K deficiency. As well, the root activity of 90-21-3 was significantly increased when encountered to K deficiency, which promoted the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ and regulated the osmotic stress. Therefore, it could be a responding mechanism for tolerance crop by maintaining large root system, increasing root activity and adjusting nutrient absorption to adapt to K deficiency.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency inhibited root growth of maize lines 90-21-3 and D937.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“K-deficiency inhibited the root growth of 90-21-3 and D937”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency increased the ratio of root to shoot in lines 90-21-3 and D937.
- Material
- 90-21-3 and D937e1
- Treatment
- K-deficiencye1
- Outcome
- ratio of root to shoot (R/S)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“K-deficiency inhibited the root growth of 90-21-3 and D937”
e2“but increased the ratio of root to shoot (R/S)”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased total root length, root surface area and root diameter of lines 90-21-3 and D937.
- Material
- 90-21-3 and D937e3
- Treatment
- K deficiencye3
- Outcome
- total length, root surface area, the root diametere3
- Direction
- significantly decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased root volume of lines 90-21-3 and D937.
- Material
- 90-21-3 and D937e3
- Treatment
- K deficiencye3
- Outcome
- root volumee3
- Direction
- significantly decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased fine root (0 - 0.4 mm) length and surface area of lines 90-21-3 and D937, especially.
- Material
- 90-21-3 and D937e3
- Treatment
- K deficiencye3
- Outcome
- fine root (0 - 0.4 mm) in root length and root surface areae4
- Direction
- significantly decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
e4“especially the fine root (0 - 0.4 mm) in root length and root surface area”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased the K concentration of root in both lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“In addition, the K concentration of root in the two lines was significantly decreased, but root activity was significantly improved, which promoted the absorption of the root system to Na+”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly improved root activity in both lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“In addition, the K concentration of root in the two lines was significantly decreased, but root activity was significantly improved, which promoted the absorption of the root system to Na+”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency promoted the absorption of Na+ by the root system.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“In addition, the K concentration of root in the two lines was significantly decreased, but root activity was significantly improved, which promoted the absorption of the root system to Na+”
e3“The total length, root surface area, the root diameter and root volume of root system of 90-21-3 and D937 were significantly decreased by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with D937, line 90-21-3 distributed more carbohydrates from shoot to root under K deficiency.
- Material
- 90-21-3e6
- Treatment
- K deficiencye6
- Outcome
- carbohydrates from shoot to the root systeme6
- Direction
- distribute moree6
- Comparator
- D937e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Compared with D937, 90-21-3 was able to distribute more carbohydrates from shoot to the root system under K deficiency, alleviating the inhibition of root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The root length and surface area of line 90-12-3 showed no difference under K deficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The length and surface area of 90-12-3 were no difference”
e1“significantly decreased by 12.90% and 17.65% in D937 after 5 d of K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased the length of line D937 by 12.90% after 5 d.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The length and surface area of 90-12-3 were no difference”
e1“significantly decreased by 12.90% and 17.65% in D937 after 5 d of K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly decreased the surface area of line D937 by 17.65% after 5 d.
- Material
- D937e1
- Treatment
- K deficiencye1
- Outcome
- surface areae7
- Direction
- significantly decreasede1
- Value
- 17.65%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The length and surface area of 90-12-3 were no difference”
e1“significantly decreased by 12.90% and 17.65% in D937 after 5 d of K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
In line 90-21-3, K deficiency promoted the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“As well, the root activity of 90-21-3 was significantly increased when encountered to K deficiency, which promoted the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ and regulated the osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In line 90-21-3 under K deficiency, the root activity regulated the osmotic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“As well, the root activity of 90-21-3 was significantly increased when encountered to K deficiency, which promoted the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ and regulated the osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that a large root system, higher root activity and adjusted nutrient absorption could be a mechanism of K-deficiency tolerance in maize.
- Treatment
- K deficiencye5
- Outcome
- adapt to K deficiencye5
- Qualifier
- maintaining large root system, increasing root activity and adjusting nutrient absorptione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“Therefore, it could be a responding mechanism for tolerance crop by maintaining large root system, increasing root activity and adjusting nutrient absorption to adapt to K deficiency”
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