Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a staple food for a considerable number of people in Africa and Asia. However, poor grain quality is a major concern for the rural communities who depend mainly on sorghum grain for food. Protein, minerals and tannins are important indicators of grain quality. Their quantity is critical in choice of variety to grow for food. An experiment was carried out in a randomised complete block design by sowing 5 sorghum varieties on 18 th June, 29 th June and 10 th July 2015in Bor and Arek South Sudan. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of sowing date on protein, tannins, iron and zinc content in sorghum. Grain samples of five sorghum varieties sown on various dates were collected and analysed at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Njoro. Protein content was determined using method 44 from Association of American Cereal Chemists. Tannins were determined using the Improved Vanillin-Hydrochloric Acid Assay (IVHAA) while minerals; iron and zinc were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Significant site by variety by sowing date interactions at P < 0.05 level of probability were obtained for protein, iron and zinc content of sorghum varieties but not for tannins. Highest protein content of 11.55 per cent was achieved when varieties were sown on 29 th June in Bor. Protein of 11.40 per cent was obtained when varieties were sown on 18 th June in Arek. At Bor, Beer, Dhet and Seredo varieties; 12.76, 11.0 and 10.64 per cent protein respectively were recorded. At Arek, Beer Seredo and Dhet attained 12.03, 10.92 and 10.60 per cent protein content respectively. Sorghum varieties sown on 18 th June had less tannins of 1.19 mgml -1 in Bor and 1.09 mgml -1 in Arek while varieties sown on 10 th July had highest tannins 1.49 mgml -1 in Bor and 1.40 mgml -1 in Arek. Amongst the varieties, Seredo and Agany contained high tannins while Beer and Dhet contained less tannins. Iron and zinc content in sorghum showed higher values for 29 th June sowing date both in Bor and Arek. The study showed that Beer and Dhet varieties have good quality grains that can be used to improve human nutrition, hence can be recommended to sorghum farmers in Bor and Arek region.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Site by variety by sowing date interactions were significant (P < 0.05) for protein, iron and zinc content of sorghum varieties.
SorghumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant site by variety by sowing date interactions at P < 0.05 level of probability were obtained for protein, iron and zinc content of sorghum varieties but not for tannins”
Claim · model-written summary
The site by variety by sowing date interaction was not significant for tannins in sorghum varieties.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant site by variety by sowing date interactions at P < 0.05 level of probability were obtained for protein, iron and zinc content of sorghum varieties but not for tannins”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest protein content, 11.55 per cent, was achieved in sorghum varieties sown on 29 June in Bor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moench
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- sown on 29 th Junee0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 11.55 per cente0
- Setting
- Bore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest protein content of 11.55 per cent was achieved when varieties were sown on 29 th June in Bor”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties sown on 18 June in Arek had a protein content of 11.40 per cent.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- sown on 18 th Junee0
- Outcome
- Proteine0
- Value
- 11.40 per cente0
- Setting
- Areke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein of 11.40 per cent was obtained when varieties were sown on 18 th June in Arek”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Beer recorded 12.76 protein at Bor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Beere0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 12.76e0
- Setting
- Bore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Bor, Beer, Dhet and Seredo varieties; 12.76, 11.0 and 10.64 per cent protein respectively were recorded”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Dhet recorded 11.0 protein at Bor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Dhete0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 11.0e0
- Setting
- Bore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Bor, Beer, Dhet and Seredo varieties; 12.76, 11.0 and 10.64 per cent protein respectively were recorded”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Seredo recorded 10.64 per cent protein at Bor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Seredoe0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 10.64 per cente0
- Setting
- Bore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Bor, Beer, Dhet and Seredo varieties; 12.76, 11.0 and 10.64 per cent protein respectively were recorded”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Beer recorded 12.03 protein at Arek.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Beere0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 12.03e0
- Setting
- Areke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Arek, Beer Seredo and Dhet attained 12.03, 10.92 and 10.60 per cent protein content respectively”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Seredo recorded 10.92 protein at Arek.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Seredoe0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 10.92e0
- Setting
- Areke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Arek, Beer Seredo and Dhet attained 12.03, 10.92 and 10.60 per cent protein content respectively”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety Dhet recorded 10.60 per cent protein at Arek.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Dhete0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 10.60 per cente0
- Setting
- Areke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Arek, Beer Seredo and Dhet attained 12.03, 10.92 and 10.60 per cent protein content respectively”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties sown on 18 June had less tannins (1.19 mg/ml) in Bor.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum varieties sown on 18 th June had less tannins of 1.19 mgml -1 in Bor”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties sown on 18 June had less tannins (1.09 mg/ml) in Arek.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum varieties sown on 18 th June had less tannins of 1.19 mgml -1 in Bor and 1.09 mgml -1 in Arek”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties sown on 10 July had the highest tannins (1.49 mg/ml) in Bor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- sown on 10 th Julye0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.49 mgml -1e0
- Setting
- Bore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties sown on 10 th July had highest tannins 1.49 mgml -1 in Bor”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties sown on 10 July had the highest tannins (1.40 mg/ml) in Arek.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- sown on 10 th Julye0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.40 mgml -1e0
- Setting
- Areke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties sown on 10 th July had highest tannins 1.49 mgml -1 in Bor and 1.40 mgml -1 in Arek”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Among sorghum varieties, Seredo and Agany contained high tannins.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Seredo and Aganye0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seredo and Agany contained high tannins”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Among sorghum varieties, Beer and Dhet contained less tannins.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor L. moenchSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Beer and Dhete0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beer and Dhet contained less tannins”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron and zinc content in sorghum was higher with the 29 June sowing date in both Bor and Arek.
- Treatment
- 29 th June sowing datee0
- Outcome
- Iron and zinc contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- Bor and Areke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron and zinc content in sorghum showed higher values for 29 th June sowing date both in Bor and Arek”
Claim · model-written summary
Beer and Dhet sorghum varieties have good quality grains for human nutrition and can be recommended to sorghum farmers in the Bor and Arek region.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that Beer and Dhet varieties have good quality grains that can be used to improve human nutrition, hence can be recommended to sorghum farmers in Bor and Arek region”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · nutrient: content · SorghumResults agree
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