Abstract
Abstract Research was conducted from 2011 to 2015 to determine the effect of herbicide strategy on efficacy and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds in a continuous glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDr) soybean system. The nine herbicide strategies included sequential applications of glyphosate only, glyphosate plus dicamba with or without acetochlor, PRE application of residual herbicides with POST glyphosate or non-glyphosate herbicides, and their biennial rotation with one another. Giant foxtail and horseweed were the least problematic during all growing seasons. An increase in horseweed was observed by the end of the experiment especially in the plots where POST glyphosate was not used with PRE application of residual herbicides. Giant ragweed evolved resistance to glyphosate over a 4-yr period of selection with strategies that predominantly included PRE and POST glyphosate. Herbicide use strategies that included glyphosate-only and PRE application of residual herbicides fb POST glyphosate annually or in a biennial rotation were ineffective in controlling giant ragweed and glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp. Over the years, application of PRE herbicide mixtures before POST glyphosate application improved weed control and soybean yields compared with the glyphosate-only strategy. During all growing seasons, the greatest yield and reduction in total weed density before harvest was provided by herbicide use strategies that included glyphosate plus dicamba annually or in a biennial rotation regardless of the inclusion of acetochlor POST. Dicamba proved to be a valuable addition to improve the control of GR weeds. GDr soybean will provide growers with a new option for managing resistant weeds, but it needs to be used with caution, as multiple resistance in weeds, including waterhemp and giant ragweed, is already widespread.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Horseweed increased where POST glyphosate was omitted.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- horseweed
Erigeron canadensise0weed - Outcome
- horseweede0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in horseweed was observed by the end of the experiment especially in the plots where POST glyphosate was not used with PRE application of residual herbicides”
t0“Soybean System”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant ragweed evolved glyphosate resistance over four years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Giant ragweed
.jpg?width=60)
Ambrosia trifidae0weed - Outcome
- Giant ragweed evolved resistance to glyphosatee0
- Value
- 4-yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Giant ragweed evolved resistance to glyphosate over a 4-yr period of selection with strategies that predominantly included PRE and POST glyphosate”
t0“Soybean System”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE mixtures before POST glyphosate improved weed control and soybean yield over glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PRE herbicide mixtures before POST glyphosate applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed control and soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-only strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of PRE herbicide mixtures before POST glyphosate application improved weed control and soybean yields compared with the glyphosate-only strategy”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus dicamba yielded greatest soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate plus dicamba annually or in a biennial rotatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest yield and reduction in total weed density before harvest was provided by herbicide use strategies that included glyphosate plus dicamba annually or in a biennial rotation”
t0“Soybean System”
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