Abstract
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘UFV 1 ’ and ‘UFV 2 ’ grown at Viçosa and Florestal, Brazil, and ‘Bonus' and ‘Wells' at Urbana, Illinois, were sprayed at growth stages R 5.5 to R 6 (full-pod) or R 7 (50% defoliation) with the desiccant/herbicides glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50, w/v). Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations and increased the incidence of Alternaria and Phomopsis spp. at Urbana. Analysis of the combined data from the Brazilian locations showed a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV 2 at R 7 and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV 1 at R 7 . Herbicide application at R 7 did not result in consistent increases in seedborne Fusarium or Phomopsis spp. at any Brazilian location. Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat desiccation significantly reduced soybean seed weight at all locations.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat desiccation significantly reduced soybean seed germination at all locations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat increased Alternaria incidence in soybean seed at Urbana.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- paraquate1
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Alternariae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Urbanae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the incidence of Alternaria and Phomopsis spp. at Urbana”
t0“Soybean”
e1“Desiccation of plants by paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat increased Phomopsis incidence in soybean seed at Urbana.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- paraquate1
- Outcome
- incidence of Alternaria and Phomopsis spp.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Urbanae0
PhomopsisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the incidence of Alternaria and Phomopsis spp. at Urbana”
t0“Soybean”
e1“Desiccation of plants by paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most herbicide treatments significantly decreased soybean seed germination at the Brazilian sites, with two stated exceptions.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- except paraquat sprayed on the UFV 2 at R 7 and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV 1 at R 7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV 2 at R 7 and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV 1 at R 7”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application at R 7 did not consistently increase seedborne Fusarium in Brazilian soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide application at R 7e0
- Outcome
- seedborne Fusariume0
- Direction
- did not result in consistent increasese0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide application at R 7 did not result in consistent increases in seedborne Fusarium or Phomopsis spp. at any Brazilian location”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application at R 7 did not consistently increase seedborne Phomopsis in Brazilian soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide application at R 7e0
- Outcome
- Phomopsis spp.e0
- Direction
- did not result in consistent increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide application at R 7 did not result in consistent increases in seedborne Fusarium or Phomopsis spp. at any Brazilian location”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall and temperature at maturation were more important for pod-to-seed fungal infection than desiccant-driven senescence.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- pod-to-seed infection by these fungie0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Qualifier
- Rainfall and temperature at seed maturatione0
- Comparator
- increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →paraquat · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.