Abstract
Echinochloa species are highly adaptive weeds that have the potential to impact crops in a variety of environments. This has positioned them as the most problematic weeds in a number of USA cropping systems with some species having the distinction of the 'worst herbicide-resistant weeds' in the world. Recent evidence has positioned Echinochloa colona (junglerice) as the most dominant in Arkansas and throughout the Mid-South, USA, especially in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production fields. A history of extensive herbicide-use for management and a lack of integrated or diverse approaches to management have led to rampant herbicide resistance within production fields. The goal of this research is to assess herbicide-resistant E. colona from the field to the genomic level. Five objectives are the focus of this research: (1) characterize the current status of herbicide-resistant Echinochloa in Arkansas rice and assess the distribution of resistance patterns with time, (2) evaluate the underlying mechanisms driving multiple resistance in E. colona (3) assemble a de novo transcriptome of E. colona and assess the mechanisms of resistance to quinclorac, (4) use the transcriptome to characterize the response to propanil in multiple-resistant and susceptible E. colona and identify the basis for resistance to propanil, and (5) use the transcriptome analysis in response to multiple herbicides to identify the biological functions of susceptible and resistant E. colona following herbicide treatment. This research used a population that is highly resistant to propanil and quinclorac, and with elevated tolerance to cyhalofop and glufosinate. This E. colona accession has non-target site resistance via independent mechanisms involving cytochrome P450 enzymes and glycosyltransferase enzymes for propanil and quinclorac, respectively. Herbicide resistance co-evolved with abiotic stress tolerance potentially through the enhancement of the trehalose biosynthetic pathway. This research had generated the first assembled transcriptome of E. colona and description of the transcriptomic responses to the common rice herbicides cyhalofop, propanil, and quinclorac, as well as the non-selective herbicide glufosinate. This research generated the first global transcriptome comparison across multiple herbicides, characterizing the patterns of gene expression following herbicide treatment with diverse herbicide modes of action.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The population was highly resistant to propanil and quinclorac.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colonat0 - Material
- populatione0
- Outcome
- highly resistant to propanil and quinclorace0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research used a population that is highly resistant to propanil and quinclorac”
t0“Echinochloa colona”
Claim · model-written summary
The population had elevated tolerance to cyhalofop and glufosinate.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa colonaEchinochloa colonat0
- Material
- populatione0
- Outcome
- elevated tolerance to cyhalofop and glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research used a population that is highly resistant to propanil and quinclorac, and with elevated tolerance to cyhalofop and glufosinate”
t0“Echinochloa colona”
Claim · model-written summary
Propanil resistance involved cytochrome P450 enzymes.
- Taxon
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0
- Material
- E. colona accessione0
- Treatment
- propanile0
- Gene
- cytochrome P450 enzymese0
- Outcome
- non-target site resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This E. colona accession has non-target site resistance via independent mechanisms involving cytochrome P450 enzymes and glycosyltransferase enzymes for propanil and quinclorac, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinclorac resistance involved glycosyltransferase enzymes.
- Taxon
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0
- Material
- E. colona accessione0
- Treatment
- quinclorace0
- Gene
- glycosyltransferase enzymese0
- Outcome
- non-target site resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This E. colona accession has non-target site resistance via independent mechanisms involving cytochrome P450 enzymes and glycosyltransferase enzymes for propanil and quinclorac, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide resistance co-evolved with abiotic stress tolerance, potentially through trehalose biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa colonaEchinochloa colonat0
- Outcome
- Herbicide resistance co-evolved with abiotic stress tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- potentially through the enhancement of the trehalose biosynthetic pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide resistance co-evolved with abiotic stress tolerance potentially through the enhancement of the trehalose biosynthetic pathway”
t0“Echinochloa colona”
Claim · model-written summary
The first E. colona transcriptome was assembled.
- Taxon
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0
- Outcome
- assembled transcriptomee0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research had generated the first assembled transcriptome of E. colona”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomic responses to cyhalofop, propanil, quinclorac and glufosinate were described.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa colonaEchinochloa colonat0
- Treatment
- cyhalofop, propanil, and quinclorac, as well as the non-selective herbicide glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- transcriptomic responsese0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“description of the transcriptomic responses to the common rice herbicides cyhalofop, propanil, and quinclorac, as well as the non-selective herbicide glufosinate”
t0“Echinochloa colona”
Claim · model-written summary
A global transcriptome comparison characterized expression after herbicides with diverse modes of action.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa colonaEchinochloa colonat0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatment with diverse herbicide modes of actione0
- Outcome
- patterns of gene expressione0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research generated the first global transcriptome comparison across multiple herbicides, characterizing the patterns of gene expression following herbicide treatment with diverse herbicide modes of action”
t0“Echinochloa colona”