Abstract
Weed has become one of the most serious problems in aerobic rice systems. Weed management in aerobic rice system needs a manipulation of optimum N fertilizer application to control the weed and simultaneously enhance aerobic rice growth performance. In this study, three types of N sources (urea, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate) with concentration starting from (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated for effective control of the bioassay species, Eleusine indica, while observing the rice injury level. The data on weed (emergence and shoot fresh weight), while rice growth (root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot height and leaf greenness) was collected in this study. It was found that urea at a higher application rate of 240 kg ha -1 strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >78%. Conversely, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate gave moderate inhibition (58-65% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 240 kg ha -1 , respectively. Significant stimulation effect on rice root growth, shoot height, shoot fresh weight and leaf greenness was noticed at a low application rate of 60 kg ha -1 urea, while ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate only exerts its stimulation effect starting at 120 kg ha -1 . Stimulation effect on the rice growth was likely negligible at 0 and 4 DAS across urea, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate application rates. However, the rice plants growth increases with increasing growth stage. The finding suggest that application of urea at 240 kg ha -1 starting from 8 DAS of rice growth stage was the most efficient application rate in inhibiting E. indica with the stimulation effect on the growth of rice seedlings.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 240 kg ha -1 inhibited Eleusine indica emergence by more than 78%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- urea at a higher application rate of 240 kg ha -1e0
- Interactor
- E. indica
Eleusine indicae0weed - Outcome
- emergence and shoot growth of E. indicae0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- >78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea at a higher application rate of 240 kg ha -1 strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >78%.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 240 kg ha -1 moderately inhibited weed emergence and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- moderate inhibitione0
- Value
- 58-65% inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate gave moderate inhibition (58-65% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 240 kg ha -1 , respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate at 240 kg ha -1 moderately inhibited weed emergence and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- moderate inhibitione0
- Value
- 58-65% inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate gave moderate inhibition (58-65% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 240 kg ha -1 , respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 60 kg ha -1 significantly stimulated rice root growth, shoot height, and shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg ha -1 ureae0
- Outcome
- rice root growth, shoot height, shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant stimulation effect on rice root growth, shoot height, shoot fresh weight and leaf greenness was noticed at a low application rate of 60 kg ha -1 urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 60 kg ha -1 significantly stimulated rice leaf greenness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg ha -1 ureae0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant stimulation effect on rice root growth, shoot height, shoot fresh weight and leaf greenness was noticed at a low application rate of 60 kg ha -1 urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate stimulated rice growth starting at 120 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- stimulation effecte0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- 120 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate only exerts its stimulation effect starting at 120 kg ha -1 .”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate stimulated rice growth starting at 120 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- stimulation effecte0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- 120 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate only exerts its stimulation effect starting at 120 kg ha -1 .”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice growth stimulation was likely negligible at 0 and 4 DAS across nitrogen sources and rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Stimulation effect on the rice growthe0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
- Qualifier
- 0 and 4 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stimulation effect on the rice growth was likely negligible at 0 and 4 DAS across urea, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate application rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice plant growth increased with growth stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- growth stagee0
- Outcome
- rice plants growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plants growth increases with increasing growth stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend urea at 240 kg ha -1 from 8 DAS for weed inhibition and rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- E. indicaEleusine indicae0weed
- Outcome
- application of urea at 240 kg ha -1 starting from 8 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of urea at 240 kg ha -1 starting from 8 DAS of rice growth stage was the most efficient application rate in inhibiting E. indica with the stimulation effect on the growth of rice seedlings.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →nitrogen · Eleusine indica · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.