Abstract
Standardization of a reproducible protocol for in vitro rough lemon rootstock mass propagation was conducted at Tigray Biotechnology Center Plc., Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Mekelle, Ethiopia in 2015/2016 cropping season. Rough lemon is the frequently used rootstock both in the world and Ethiopia citrus fruit production, particularly in the Tigray region due to its superior performance over other rootstocks. However, seedlings produced through conventional ways are not recommended to be used in orchards due to variability problems caused by its polyembrony nature. To overcome such variations, in vitro regeneration of rough lemon rootstocks was performed using nodal segments and shoot tips as explant types. The explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 5% scurose and 250 mg/L streptomycin followed to surface sterilization. The most effective and reproducible auxin (NAA), cytokinin (BA) and gebrillenllic acid (GA3) for in vitro shoot and root induction in rough lemon rootstocks were determined. Almost all IBA and BA treatments resulted in almost 100% shoot induction except for at 0.0 and 0.1 mg/L IBA and at 1.5 and 2.0 BA mg/L. Nodal segments induced a higher percentage of explant response with longer shoots in a shorter period of time than shoot tips, which produced more shoots and leaves than nodal segments. The effect different BA and IBA concentrations on various parameters of proliferation were studied. Full strength medium produced more regenerated shoots and leaves per shoot than half-strength MS medium. In addition, longer shoots formed with 0.1 mg/L GA3 than culture medium without this plant growth regulator. Root length decreased with higher concentration of NAA and the longest root (2.5 ± 0.22 cm) was found in the 1.0 mg/L NAA and followed by (1.95 ± 0.22 cm) at 0.5 mg/L of NAA. The rooted plants were successfully established in the greenhouse on the substrate called coco-peat and sand, and their survival rate was found to be 98%. These results suggest that standardization of these factors can help in development of a commercially viable tissue culture system for rough lemon. Moreover, it signifies the need of plant variety based in vitro protocol development and optimization across citrus species.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Most IBA and BA treatments induced shoots at almost 100%, with stated concentration exceptions.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)
.jpg?width=60)
Citrus jambhirit0 - Treatment
- IBA and BA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot inductione0
- Value
- almost 100%e0
- Qualifier
- except for at 0.0 and 0.1 mg/L IBA and at 1.5 and 2.0 BA mg/Le0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Almost all IBA and BA treatments resulted in almost 100% shoot induction except for at 0.0 and 0.1 mg/L IBA and at 1.5 and 2.0 BA mg/L”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodal segments had higher response and longer shoots in less time than shoot tips.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- Nodal segmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage of explant response with longer shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- shoot tipse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodal segments induced a higher percentage of explant response with longer shoots in a shorter period of time than shoot tips”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot tips produced more shoots and leaves than nodal segments.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- shoot tipse0
- Outcome
- shoots and leavese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- nodal segmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot tips, which produced more shoots and leaves than nodal segments”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Full strength medium produced more shoots and leaves per shoot than half strength MS medium.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- Full strength mediume0
- Outcome
- regenerated shoots and leaves per shoote0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- half-strength MS mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Full strength medium produced more regenerated shoots and leaves per shoot than half-strength MS medium”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 0.1 mg/L produced longer shoots than medium without it.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- 0.1 mg/L GA3e0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- culture medium without this plant growth regulatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“longer shoots formed with 0.1 mg/L GA3 than culture medium without this plant growth regulator”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length declined as NAA concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- higher concentration of NAAe0
- Outcome
- Root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length decreased with higher concentration of NAA”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest root, 2.5 ± 0.22 cm, occurred with 1.0 mg/L NAA.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg/L NAAe0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 2.5 ± 0.22 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the longest root (2.5 ± 0.22 cm) was found in the 1.0 mg/L NAA”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.5 mg/L NAA, root length was 1.95 ± 0.22 cm.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg/L of NAAe0
- Outcome
- roott0
- Value
- 1.95 ± 0.22 cme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by (1.95 ± 0.22 cm) at 0.5 mg/L of NAA”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rooted plants established in greenhouse coco peat and sand with 98% survival.
- Taxon
- Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)Citrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- coco-peat and sande0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rooted plants were successfully established in the greenhouse on the substrate called coco-peat and sand, and their survival rate was found to be 98%”
t0“Rough Lemon Rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.)”
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