Abstract
Salt-affected soil induces detrimental influences on paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and ameliorating the influences could be done with organic amendments, such as animal manure and biochar. The aims of the current study are: (1) to examine the interactive effects of biochar and cow manure on rice growth and on selected properties of salt-affected soil, and (2) to identify potential mechanisms related to the amendments. Saline-sodic soil was used for a net house experiment with two experimental factors: biochar (no-biochar, rice-husk, and -straw biochar) and cow manure (with and without cow manure). Without the manure, addition of both rice-hush and – straw biochar significantly increased rice growth, whereas a combination of individual biochar with manure did not show a positive synergistic effect. The interactive effect of two factors was not significant on available P and exchangeable K concentrations, but the main effects of the two factors were significant. Biochar addition resulted in higher soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (28.8 to 29.0 cmolc kg−1) than the control (25.6 cmolc kg−1), but manure addition did not. Improved nutrient availabilities such as P and K, as well as CEC are among the potential mechanisms accounting for the enhanced rice growth with biochar.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rice husk biochar significantly increased rice growth without manure.
Verbatim
e0“Without the manure, addition of both rice-hush and – straw biochar significantly increased rice growth”
e1“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw biochar significantly increased rice growth without manure.
Verbatim
e0“Without the manure, addition of both rice-hush and – straw biochar significantly increased rice growth”
e1“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining biochar with manure did not produce a positive synergistic effect on rice growth.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee2
- Treatment
- combination of individual biochar with manuree0
- Outcome
- rice growthe1
- Direction
- did not show a positive synergistic effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“a combination of individual biochar with manure did not show a positive synergistic effect”
e1“significantly increased rice growth”
e2“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar by manure interaction was not significant for available P concentration.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The interactive effect of two factors was not significant on available P and exchangeable K concentrations”
e1“biochar and cow manure”
e2“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar by manure interaction was not significant for exchangeable K concentration.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The interactive effect of two factors was not significant on available P and exchangeable K concentrations”
e1“biochar and cow manure”
e2“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The main effects of biochar and manure on available P and exchangeable K were significant.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee3
- Treatment
- biochar and cow manuree2
- Outcome
- available P and exchangeable K concentrationse1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the main effects of the two factors were significant”
e1“available P and exchangeable K concentrations”
e2“biochar and cow manure”
e3“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soil cation exchange capacity to 28.8 to 29.0 cmolc kg−1 versus 25.6 in controls.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar addition resulted in higher soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (28.8 to 29.0 cmolc kg−1) than the control (25.6 cmolc kg−1)”
e1“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure did not increase soil cation exchange capacity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but manure addition did not”
e1“soil cation exchange capacity (CEC)”
e2“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved P and K availability and cation exchange capacity were proposed as possible explanations for biochar enhanced rice growth.
Verbatim
e0“Improved nutrient availabilities such as P and K, as well as CEC are among the potential mechanisms accounting for the enhanced rice growth with biochar”
e1“paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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