Abstract
Core Ideas Timing of water deficit stress affects boll production. Stress timing influences fiber quality. Multiple timings of water deficit stress interact. Decreased aquifer water in the Texas High Plains has increased the risks associated with irrigation, including lower irrigation volume and the need to balance seasonal water demands among crops, requiring management of both irrigation rate and timing. Boll distribution measurements in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) can be used to quantify the effects of irrigation on productivity and were used in a study of irrigation rate × timing from 2011 to 2013 in Halfway, TX. Field experiments quantified cotton boll distribution using three in‐season irrigation levels (maximums of 0 , 3.2 , and 6.4 mm d −1 ) during three different irrigation periods determined by accumulated growing degree days (GDD) based on the threshold of 15.6°C: period 1 (P1, <525 GDD), period 2 (P2, 525–750 GDD), and period 3 (P3, >750 GDD). Combinations of these factors resulted in 27 irrigation treatments, applied with a low energy precision application (LEPA) pivot. Heavy irrigation early in the growing season used more water, did not increase boll number, and was often detrimental to yield. Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality, with P2 irrigation influencing yield in the middle of the plant and P3 irrigation controlling yield at the top of the plant. Moderate irrigation later in the season minimized effects of short‐term water deficit observed in other similar studies. These results provide insight into optimizing cotton water use in a region with declining crop water availability, increased pumping restrictions, and a challenging climate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy early irrigation used more water.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Heavy irrigation early in the growing seasone0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy irrigation early in the growing season used more water”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy early irrigation did not raise boll number.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Heavy irrigation early in the growing seasone0
- Outcome
- boll numbere0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy irrigation early in the growing season used more water, did not increase boll number”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy early irrigation was often detrimental to yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Heavy irrigation early in the growing seasone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- detrimentale0
- Qualifier
- oftene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy irrigation early in the growing season used more water, did not increase boll number, and was often detrimental to yield”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season irrigation improved yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Mid‐ and late‐season irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season irrigation improved yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- late‐season irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season irrigation improved fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Mid‐ and late‐season irrigatione0
- Outcome
- fiber qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season irrigation improved fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- late‐season irrigatione0
- Outcome
- fiber qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
P2 irrigation influenced yield in the middle of the plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- P2 irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield in the middle of the plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P2 irrigation influencing yield in the middle of the plant”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 irrigation controlled yield at the top of the plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- P3 irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield at the top of the plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P3 irrigation controlling yield at the top of the plant”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate later irrigation minimized short-term water deficit effects.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Moderate irrigation later in the seasone0
- Outcome
- effects of short‐term water deficite0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate irrigation later in the season minimized effects of short‐term water deficit”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →irrigation · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
130 papers more in this group
See all 134 papers →irrigation · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
303 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
395 papers more in this group
See all 399 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.