Abstract
It has been shown that salicylic acid acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing stress tolerance in plants. The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied. Plants were harvested randomly at 21 days after the start of treatments. Results revealed that chlorophyll and total soluble protein contents decreased under salinity, however proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrate, total carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as PAL gene expression increased. The exogenous SA improved the response of safflower to salinity by increasing glycine betaine, total soluble protein, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that exogenous SA induced expression of PAL gene in both salt-treated and untreated plants. Moreover, SA application under saline conditions decreased the levels of proline which could indicate successful acclimatization of these plants to saline conditions. Our data suggested that the exogenous SA played a key role in stress condition through regulation of osmotic adjustment and antioxidant system due to some compounds. These results provide novel insights about the physiological and molecular role of SA in salt resistance. Therefore, this component can be considered due to low price and availability. Keywords: Safflower, Salinity, Salicylic acid, Resistance, PAL, Gene expression
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll and total soluble protein contents of safflower decreased under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and total soluble protein contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e1“Results revealed that chlorophyll and total soluble protein contents decreased under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline, glycine betaine and carbohydrate contents of safflower increased under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- sodium chloridee0
- Outcome
- proline, glycine betaine, carbohydratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e2“proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrate, total carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as PAL gene expression increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Total carotenoids, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of safflower increased under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- sodium chloridee0
- Outcome
- total carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e2“proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrate, total carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as PAL gene expression increased”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL gene expression in safflower increased under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- sodium chloridee0
- Gene
- PALe2
- Outcome
- PAL gene expressione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e2“proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrate, total carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as PAL gene expression increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA induced PAL gene expression in both salt-treated and untreated safflower plants.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe4
- Gene
- PALe4
- Outcome
- expression of PAL genee4
- Direction
- inducede4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e4“exogenous SA induced expression of PAL gene in both salt-treated and untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA increased glycine betaine, total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents of safflower under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe3
- Outcome
- glycine betaine, total soluble protein, carbohydratese3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e3“The exogenous SA improved the response of safflower to salinity by increasing glycine betaine, total soluble protein, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of safflower under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe3
- Outcome
- chlorophylls, carotenoidse3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e3“The exogenous SA improved the response of safflower to salinity by increasing glycine betaine, total soluble protein, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA increased flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of safflower under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe3
- Outcome
- flavonoid, and anthocyanin contentse3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e3“The exogenous SA improved the response of safflower to salinity by increasing glycine betaine, total soluble protein, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents”
Claim · model-written summary
SA application under saline conditions decreased proline levels in safflower, which may indicate acclimatization to salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- SA application under saline conditionse5
- Outcome
- levels of prolinee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e5“SA application under saline conditions decreased the levels of proline which could indicate successful acclimatization of these plants to saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA plays a key role in safflower salt stress response through regulation of osmotic adjustment and the antioxidant system.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe6
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustment and antioxidant systeme6
- Qualifier
- due to some compoundse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of SA (1 mM) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower plants was studied”
e6“exogenous SA played a key role in stress condition through regulation of osmotic adjustment and antioxidant system due to some compounds”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: pigments · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · molecular: expression · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · physiology: pigments · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.