Abstract
Background and Aims: Pollen tubes are rapidly growing, photosynthetically inactive cells that need high rates of energy to support growth. Energy can derive from internal and external storage sources. The lack of carbon sources can cause various problems during pollen tube growth, which in turn could affect the reproduction of plants. Methods: We analysed the effects of energy deficiency on the development of Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol in the growth medium. We focused on cell growth and related processes, such as metabolite composition and cell wall synthesis. Key Results: We found that the lack of sucrose affects pollen germination and pollen tube length during a specific growth period. Both sugar metabolism and ATP concentration were affected by sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media; this was related to decreases in the concentrations of glucose, fructose and UDP-glucose. The intracellular pH and ROS levels also showed a different distribution in pollen tubes grown in sucrose-depleted media. Changes were also observed at the cell wall level, particularly in the content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesis (sucrose synthase and callose synthase). Furthermore, both callose and newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins) showed an altered distribution corresponding to the lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubes. Growth in glycerol-based media also temporarily affected the movement of generative cells and, in parallel, the deposition of callose plugs. Conclusion: Pollen tubes represent an ideal model system for studying metabolic pathways during the growth of plant cells. In our study, we found evidence that glycerol, a less energetic source for cell growth than sucrose, causes critical changes in cell wall deposition. The evidence that different aspects of pollen tube growth are affected is an indication that pollen tubes adapt to metabolic stress.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose shortage affected pollen germination during a specific growth period.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione0
- Qualifier
- during a specific growth periode0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of sucrose affects pollen germination and pollen tube length during a specific growth period”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol in the growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose shortage affected pollen tube length during a specific growth period.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Outcome
- pollen tube lengthe0
- Qualifier
- during a specific growth periode0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of sucrose affects pollen germination and pollen tube length during a specific growth period”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol in the growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar metabolism changed under sucrose shortage in glycerol medium.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- sucrose shortagee0
- Outcome
- sugar metabolisme0
- Setting
- glycerol-based mediae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sugar metabolism and ATP concentration were affected by sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
ATP concentration changed under sucrose shortage in glycerol medium.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- sucrose shortagee0
- Outcome
- ATP concentratione0
- Setting
- glycerol-based mediae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sugar metabolism and ATP concentration were affected by sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose shortage was related to decreased glucose, fructose, and UDP-glucose concentrations.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- sucrose shortagee1
- Outcome
- concentrations of glucose, fructose and UDP-glucosee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this was related to decreases in the concentrations of glucose, fructose and UDP-glucose”
e1“sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media”
e2“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose-depleted medium altered intracellular pH distribution in pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- sucrose-depleted mediae0
- Outcome
- intracellular pHe0
- Direction
- different distributione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intracellular pH and ROS levels also showed a different distribution in pollen tubes grown in sucrose-depleted media.”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose-depleted medium altered ROS distribution in pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- sucrose-depleted mediae0
- Outcome
- ROS levelse0
- Direction
- different distributione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intracellular pH and ROS levels also showed a different distribution in pollen tubes grown in sucrose-depleted media.”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose shortage changed sucrose synthase content and distribution in the cell wall.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Gene
- sucrose synthasee0
- Outcome
- content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesise0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes were also observed at the cell wall level, particularly in the content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesis (sucrose synthase and callose synthase).”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose shortage changed callose synthase content and distribution in the cell wall.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Gene
- callose synthasee0
- Outcome
- content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesise0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes were also observed at the cell wall level, particularly in the content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesis (sucrose synthase and callose synthase).”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose distribution was altered with loss of oscillatory pollen tube growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Outcome
- callosee0
- Direction
- altered distributione0
- Qualifier
- lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubese0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both callose and newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins) showed an altered distribution corresponding to the lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubes”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol”
Claim · model-written summary
Newly secreted cell wall material, mainly pectins, showed altered distribution with loss of oscillatory growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- replacing sucrose with glycerole1
- Outcome
- newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins)e0
- Direction
- altered distributione0
- Qualifier
- lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubese0
- Comparator
- sucrosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins) showed an altered distribution corresponding to the lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubes”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol-based media temporarily affected movement of generative cells.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- glycerol-based mediae0
- Outcome
- movement of generative cellse0
- Qualifier
- temporarilye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in glycerol-based media also temporarily affected the movement of generative cells and, in parallel, the deposition of callose plugs.”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol-based media temporarily affected deposition of callose plugs.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- glycerol-based mediae0
- Outcome
- deposition of callose plugse0
- Qualifier
- temporarilye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in glycerol-based media also temporarily affected the movement of generative cells and, in parallel, the deposition of callose plugs.”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret glycerol as causing critical changes in cell wall deposition.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- glycerole0
- Outcome
- critical changes in cell wall depositione0
- Qualifier
- a less energetic source for cell growth than sucrosee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glycerol, a less energetic source for cell growth than sucrose, causes critical changes in cell wall deposition”
e1“Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes”
The same questions in other papers
glycerol · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
sucrose · cytology · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
sucrose · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.