Abstract
Aluminium is well known to inhibit plant elongation, but the role in this inhibition played by water relations remains unclear. To investigate this, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells (line SL) was used, treating them with aluminium (50 microM) in a medium containing calcium, sucrose, and MES (pH 5.0). Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions. In aluminium-treated cultures, fresh weight, soluble sugar content, and osmolality decreased over the first 6 h and remained constant thereafter, contrasting with their continued increases in the untreated cultures. The rate of sucrose uptake, measured by radio-tracer, was reduced by approximately 60% within 3 h of treatment. Aluminium also inhibited glucose uptake. In an aluminium-tolerant cell line (ALT301) isogenic to SL, all of the above-mentioned changes in water relations occurred and tolerance emerged only after 6 h and appeared to involve the suppression of reactive oxygen species. Further separating the effects of aluminium on elongation and cell survival, sucrose starvation for 18 h inhibited elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolality but stimulated the production of neither reactive oxygen species nor callose and did not cause cell death. We propose that the inhibition of sucrose uptake is a mechanism whereby aluminium inhibits elongation, but does not account for the induction of cell death.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium nearly abolished the 18-hour increase in tobacco cell fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- aluminiume0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- Over an 18 h treatment periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium substantially decreased tobacco cell osmolality.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- aluminiume0
- Outcome
- cellular osmolalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium substantially decreased internal soluble sugar content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- aluminiume0
- Outcome
- internal soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium did not affect major inorganic ion concentrations.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- aluminiume0
- Outcome
- concentrations of major inorganic ionse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
In aluminium-treated cultures, fresh weight, sugars, and osmolality fell during the first 6 hours and then stayed constant, unlike untreated cultures.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- aluminium-treated culturese0
- Outcome
- fresh weight, soluble sugar content, and osmolalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over the first 6 h and remained constant thereaftere0
- Comparator
- untreated culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In aluminium-treated cultures, fresh weight, soluble sugar content, and osmolality decreased over the first 6 h and remained constant thereafter, contrasting with their continued increases in the untreated cultures.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium reduced sucrose uptake by approximately 60% within 3 hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- aluminiumt0
- Outcome
- rate of sucrose uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- approximately 60%e0
- Qualifier
- within 3 h of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of sucrose uptake, measured by radio-tracer, was reduced by approximately 60% within 3 h of treatment.”
t0“Aluminium reduces sugar uptake in tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium inhibited glucose uptake.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Aluminiume0
- Outcome
- glucose uptakee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium also inhibited glucose uptake.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The aluminium-tolerant ALT301 line initially underwent the same water-relation changes as SL.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- ALT301e0
- Outcome
- all of the above-mentioned changes in water relations occurrede0
- Comparator
- SLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In an aluminium-tolerant cell line (ALT301) isogenic to SL, all of the above-mentioned changes in water relations occurred”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
ALT301 aluminium tolerance emerged only after 6 hours and appeared to involve reactive-oxygen suppression.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- ALT301e0
- Outcome
- tolerance emerged only after 6 he0
- Qualifier
- suppression of reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In an aluminium-tolerant cell line (ALT301) isogenic to SL, all of the above-mentioned changes in water relations occurred and tolerance emerged only after 6 h and appeared to involve the suppression of reactive oxygen species.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen-hour sucrose starvation inhibited elongation and caused similar osmolality changes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- sucrose starvation for 18 he0
- Outcome
- elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolalitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose starvation for 18 h inhibited elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolality”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose starvation stimulated neither reactive oxygen species nor callose production.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- sucrose starvatione0
- Outcome
- production of neither reactive oxygen species nor callosee0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose starvation for 18 h inhibited elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolality but stimulated the production of neither reactive oxygen species nor callose and did not cause cell death.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose starvation did not cause cell death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- sucrose starvatione0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose starvation for 18 h inhibited elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolality but stimulated the production of neither reactive oxygen species nor callose and did not cause cell death.”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that inhibited sucrose uptake explains aluminium-suppressed elongation but not cell death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- aluminium inhibits elongatione0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of sucrose uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We propose that the inhibition of sucrose uptake is a mechanism whereby aluminium inhibits elongation, but does not account for the induction of cell death.”
t0“tobacco”
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