Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Elevated CO 2 can alter the leaf damage caused by insect herbivores. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is highly destructive invasive pest of crop production worldwide. To investigate how elevated CO 2 affects F. occidentalis fed with Phaseolus vulgaris and, in particular, the interaction between plant defense and thrips anti‐defense, nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity of P. vulgaris were measured, as well as the detoxifying enzyme activity of adult thrips. RESULTS Elevated CO 2 increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid content in non thrip‐infested plants, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in these plants. Feeding thrips reduced the nutrient content in plants, and increased their SOD, catalase and POD activity. Variations in nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in plants showed an opposite tendency over thrip feeding time. After feeding, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and mixed‐function oxidase activity in thrips increased to counter the plant defenses. Greater thrip densities induced stronger plant defenses and, in turn, detoxifying enzyme levels in thrips increased over thrip numbers. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that F. occidentalis can induce not only an antioxidant‐associated plant defense, but also detoxifying enzymes in thrips. Elevated CO 2 might both enhance plant defense against thrip attack, and increase thrip anti‐defense against plant defenses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid content in uninfested plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- non thrip‐infested plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid content in non thrip‐infested plants”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced SOD and POD activity in uninfested plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in these plants”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips feeding reduced nutrient content in bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Feeding thripse0
- Outcome
- nutrient content in plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
ThripsNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding thrips reduced the nutrient content in plants”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips feeding increased SOD, catalase and POD activity in plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Feeding thripse0
- Outcome
- SOD, catalase and POD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding thrips reduced the nutrient content in plants, and increased their SOD, catalase and POD activity”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips detoxifying enzyme activities increased after feeding.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and mixed‐function oxidase activity in thripse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After feeding, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and mixed‐function oxidase activity in thrips increased to counter the plant defenses”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater thrips densities induced stronger plant defenses.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- thripe0pest
- Outcome
- plant defensese0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater thrip densities induced stronger plant defenses”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips detoxifying enzyme levels increased with thrips numbers.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- detoxifying enzyme levels in thripse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“detoxifying enzyme levels in thrips increased over thrip numbers”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant nutrient and antioxidant enzyme responses had opposite trends over thrips feeding time.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- thripe0pest
- Outcome
- nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variations in nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in plants showed an opposite tendency over thrip feeding time”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 might enhance plant defense against thrips.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- thripe0pest
- Outcome
- plant defense against thrip attacke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 might both enhance plant defense against thrip attack, and increase thrip anti‐defense against plant defenses”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 might increase thrips anti-defense.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- thripe0pest
- Outcome
- thrip anti‐defense against plant defensese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 might both enhance plant defense against thrip attack, and increase thrip anti‐defense against plant defenses”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
The same questions in other papers
Thrips · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
infection · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
infection · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.