Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND The preharvest application of Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers can reduce the incidence of bitter pit (BP) in apples and improve fruit quality by increasing the Ca content and decreasing both the N content and the N/Ca ratio in fruits. In this study, we aimed to investigate the control efficacy of Ca‐containing fertilizers on the incidence of BP and their effects on the Ca and N contents in bagged ‘Fuji’ apples by spraying foliar fertilizer containing calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ] or calcium formate [Ca(HCOO) 2 ] at an early stage, five days after full bloom (DAFB) and 40 DAFB, and at a late stage, 80 DAFB and 125 DAFB. RESULTS The incidences of BP were reduced significantly by 43.2–73.0%, and the efficacy of spraying at an early stage was significantly higher than that of spraying at a late stage. The Ca content of bagged apple fruits increased whereas the N content and N/Ca ratio decreased after spraying Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers; however, the Ca content, N content and N/Ca ratio of apple leaves were differentially influenced. CONCLUSION Foliar fertilizer containing CaCl 2, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Ca(HCOO) 2 can be used at an early stage to control BP in apple and improve the quality of bagged apple fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium foliar fertilizers reduced bitter pit incidence by 43.2–73.0%.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Ca‐containing foliar fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- incidences of BPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.2–73.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“incidences of BP were reduced significantly by 43.2–73.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Early application controlled bitter pit more effectively than late application.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- spraying at an early stagee0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- spraying at a late stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“efficacy of spraying at an early stage was significantly higher than that of spraying at a late stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers increased calcium content of bagged apple fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca‐containing foliar fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- Ca content of bagged apple fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“Ca content of bagged apple fruits increased whereas the N content and N/Ca ratio decreased after spraying Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers decreased nitrogen content of bagged apple fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca‐containing foliar fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“Ca content of bagged apple fruits increased whereas the N content and N/Ca ratio decreased after spraying Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers decreased the nitrogen to calcium ratio of bagged apple fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca‐containing foliar fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- N/Ca ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“Ca content of bagged apple fruits increased whereas the N content and N/Ca ratio decreased after spraying Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple leaf calcium content, nitrogen content, and N/Ca ratio responded differently to foliar calcium fertilizers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca‐containing foliar fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- Ca content, N content and N/Ca ratio of apple leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“Ca content, N content and N/Ca ratio of apple leaves were differentially influenced”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend early applications of the listed calcium fertilizers to control bitter pit and improve bagged apple fruit quality.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizer containing CaCl 2, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Ca(HCOO) 2e0
- Outcome
- control BP in apple and improve the quality of bagged apple fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ca‐containing foliar fertilizers on bitter pit in bagged ‘Fuji’ apple”
e0“Foliar fertilizer containing CaCl 2, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Ca(HCOO) 2 can be used at an early stage to control BP in apple and improve the quality of bagged apple fruits”
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See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.