Abstract
Heavy metal contamination along with the increase in food demand are a primary concern in Vietnam and all over the world. In order to enhance crop tolerance to unfavorable cultivation conditions including heavy metal toxicity, understanding of plant response system under the effect of heavy metals is necessary. In the current study, physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic changes of rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64) were investigated under copper (Cu) stress. Root elongation and root fresh weight were decreased whereas accumulation of copper in root was enhanced significantly with increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 M. In addition, copper induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The molecular mechanism of rice roots in response to copper toxicity at mRNA expression level was analyzed by microarray technique. Functions and roles of genes were also analyzed by bioinformatic tools AgriGO and MapMan. Gene ontology analysis revealed that 1900 Cu responsive genes were involved in phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, signaling pathways, transcription factors, transport activities, antioxidant defense systems. Through phytohormones and reactive oxygen species, Cu may inhibit rice root growth. Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species can also be signal molecules in signaling pathways with the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and transcription factors in response to Cu stress. Detoxification and protection mechanisms may involve transport activities and antioxidant defense systems during Cu treatment. These results may provide new insights into mechanisms of rice plant to tolerate with Cu toxicity conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing copper reduced root elongation and root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- IR64e1
- Treatment
- increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 Me0
- Outcome
- Root elongation and root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root elongation and root fresh weight were decreased whereas accumulation of copper in root was enhanced significantly with increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 M”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root copper accumulation increased significantly as copper concentration rose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 Me0
- Outcome
- accumulation of copper in roote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of copper in root was enhanced significantly with increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 M”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper induced reactive oxygen species generation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- coppere0
- Outcome
- endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper activated superoxide dismutase and catalase isoenzymes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- coppere0
- Outcome
- isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene ontology analysis identified 1900 copper-responsive genes across hormonal, ROS, signaling, transcription, transport and antioxidant functions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Cu responsive genese0
- Value
- 1900e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene ontology analysis revealed that 1900 Cu responsive genes were involved in phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, signaling pathways, transcription factors, transport activities, antioxidant defense systems”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that copper may inhibit rice root growth through phytohormones and reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice root growthe0
- Qualifier
- Through phytohormones and reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Through phytohormones and reactive oxygen species, Cu may inhibit rice root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species may signal through MAPK cascades and transcription factors under copper stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- signaling pathwayse0
- Qualifier
- participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and transcription factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species can also be signal molecules in signaling pathways with the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and transcription factors in response to Cu stress”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transport and antioxidant systems may contribute to detoxification during copper treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Detoxification and protection mechanismse0
- Qualifier
- transport activities and antioxidant defense systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detoxification and protection mechanisms may involve transport activities and antioxidant defense systems during Cu treatment”
e1“rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)”
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